Author Affiliations

Zhenlin Liu,^1,# Toshimasa Kozeki,^1,* Yuji Suzuki,^1,* Nobuhiko Sarukura,^1,*,** Kiyoshi Shimamura,² Tsuguo Fukuda,² Masahiro Hirano,¹ and Hideo Hosono^1,***

¹Hosono Transparent Electro-Active Materials Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), C-1232, KSP, 3-2-1 Sakato, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan, Tel: +81-44-850-9767; Fax: +81-44-819-2205

²Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan

^*T. Kozeki, Y. Suzuki, and N. Sarukura are also with Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.

^**N. Sarukura is also with Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan.

^***H. Hosono is also with Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.

^# z-liu@net.ksp.or.jp