Survey of second harmonic generation in commercial germanium-doped fibers

Wasyhun Asefa Gemechu; Umberto Minoni; Daniele Modotto; Patrice Duport; Alessandro Tonello; Vincent Couderc

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.507426

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 41,
Issue 1,
pp. 296-304
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.507426

Survey of second harmonic generation in commercial germanium-doped fibers

Wasyhun Asefa Gemechu, Umberto Minoni, Daniele Modotto, Patrice Duport, Alessandro Tonello, and Vincent Couderc

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Wasyhun Asefa Gemechu, Umberto Minoni, Daniele Modotto, Patrice Duport, Alessandro Tonello, and Vincent Couderc, "Survey of second harmonic generation in commercial germanium-doped fibers," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 41, 296-304 (2024)

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- Nonlinear or High Field Optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 9, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: December 11, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: December 11, 2023
- Published: December 22, 2023

Abstract

Seeded optical poling is a promising and simple method to write an effective quadratic coefficient in silica optical fibers doped with germanium. We considered commercial solid core fibers since these fibers could allow for a wide adoption of optical poling. For each fiber, we optimized the poling process and analyzed the second harmonic conversion efficiencies in relation with the fiber chemical composition as obtained resorting to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our comprehensive investigation shows that segments of fibers spanning 20 cm, featuring a germanium content of around 6%, can effectively convert 30 mW of 1064 nm light with efficiencies hovering around 1%.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Fiber Code	$λ_{c u t - o f f}$ [nm]	$λ_{o p e r a t i n g}$ [nm]	$D_{C o r e}$ [µm]	MFD [µm]	NA	$n_{C o r e}$	$α$ [dB/km]
HI980	$930 \pm 50$	$> 980$	3.5	$4.2 \pm 0.3$	0.21	1.471	$< 2.5$
980HP	$920 \pm 30$	980–1600	3.6	$4.2 \pm 0.5$	0.2	–	$\leq 3.5$
HI1060	$920 \pm 50$	$> 980$	5.3	$6.2 \pm 0.3$	0.14	1.464	$\leq 1.5$
1060XP	$920 \pm 30$	980–1600	5.8	$6.2 \pm 0.5$	0.14	–	$\leq 1.5$
PS1060	$920 \pm 50$	980–1060	5	$6.2 \pm 0.8$	0.13	–	20
UHNA3	$900 \pm 50$	960–1600	1.8	$2.6 \pm 0.3$	0.35	–	55.8
PS-PM980	$900 \pm 70$	970–1550	6	$6.6 \pm 1.0$	0.12	–	$\leq 3.0$

				$P_{F F - I N} = 12 m W$		$P_{F F - I N} = 24 m W$		$P_{F F - I N} = 32 m W$		$P_{F F - I N} = 24 m W$		$P_{F F - I N} = 36 m W$
				$L = 20 c m$						$L = 1 m$
Fiber	$S i$	$O$	$G e$	$η_{a v g}^{*}$	$η_{a v g}$	$η_{a v g}^{*}$	$η_{a v g}$	$η_{a v g}^{*}$	$η_{a v g}$	$η_{a v g}^{*}$	$η_{a v g}$	$η_{a v g}^{*}$	$η_{a v g}$
HI980	41.63	52.4	5.98	0.91%	1.3%	1.10%	1.50%	0.61%	0.92%	–	–	–	–
980HP	38.1	50.3	11.6	0.82%	1.02%	1.46%	1.86%	0.93%	1.18%	0.38%	0.48%	0.49%	0.82%
HI1060	46	48	6	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.08%	0.11%	–	–
1060XP	40.9	52.5	6.6	0.29%	0.47%	0.31%	0.50%	0.33%	0.53%	–	–	–	–
PS1060	46	42	12	–	–	0.06%	0.09%	0.08%	0.11%	–	–	–	–
UHNA3	30.5	43.7	25.8	0.33%	0.49%	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

Fiber Code	$λ_{c u t - o f f}$ [nm]	$λ_{o p e r a t i n g}$ [nm]	$D_{C o r e}$ [µm]	MFD [µm]	NA	$n_{C o r e}$	$α$ [dB/km]
HI980	$930 \pm 50$	$> 980$	3.5	$4.2 \pm 0.3$	0.21	1.471	$< 2.5$
980HP	$920 \pm 30$	980–1600	3.6	$4.2 \pm 0.5$	0.2	–	$\leq 3.5$
HI1060	$920 \pm 50$	$> 980$	5.3	$6.2 \pm 0.3$	0.14	1.464	$\leq 1.5$
1060XP	$920 \pm 30$	980–1600	5.8	$6.2 \pm 0.5$	0.14	–	$\leq 1.5$
PS1060	$920 \pm 50$	980–1060	5	$6.2 \pm 0.8$	0.13	–	20
UHNA3	$900 \pm 50$	960–1600	1.8	$2.6 \pm 0.3$	0.35	–	55.8
PS-PM980	$900 \pm 70$	970–1550	6	$6.6 \pm 1.0$	0.12	–	$\leq 3.0$

				$P_{F F - I N} = 12 m W$		$P_{F F - I N} = 24 m W$		$P_{F F - I N} = 32 m W$		$P_{F F - I N} = 24 m W$		$P_{F F - I N} = 36 m W$
				$L = 20 c m$						$L = 1 m$
Fiber	$S i$	$O$	$G e$	$η_{a v g}^{*}$	$η_{a v g}$	$η_{a v g}^{*}$	$η_{a v g}$	$η_{a v g}^{*}$	$η_{a v g}$	$η_{a v g}^{*}$	$η_{a v g}$	$η_{a v g}^{*}$	$η_{a v g}$
HI980	41.63	52.4	5.98	0.91%	1.3%	1.10%	1.50%	0.61%	0.92%	–	–	–	–
980HP	38.1	50.3	11.6	0.82%	1.02%	1.46%	1.86%	0.93%	1.18%	0.38%	0.48%	0.49%	0.82%
HI1060	46	48	6	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.08%	0.11%	–	–
1060XP	40.9	52.5	6.6	0.29%	0.47%	0.31%	0.50%	0.33%	0.53%	–	–	–	–
PS1060	46	42	12	–	–	0.06%	0.09%	0.08%	0.11%	–	–	–	–
UHNA3	30.5	43.7	25.8	0.33%	0.49%	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

Wasyhun Asefa Gemechu	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6841-9428
Daniele Modotto	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-8019
Alessandro Tonello	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2164-4732
Vincent Couderc	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-741X

Abstract

Data availability

Cited By

Figures (21)

Tables (2)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B