Abstract

The work started 20 years ago [Appl. Opt. 42, 6255 (2003) [CrossRef]  ] investigating the physical mechanism of multilayer dielectric reflection gratings to achieve 100% diffraction efficiency is completed to offer much deeper insight than before. How different scattering matrix elements of the top periodic surface corrugation contribute to the ${-}{1}$st-order efficiency of such a compound grating is unveiled analytically using a minimum set of real parameters. The two diffraction amplitudes transmitted through the top corrugation play a dominant role in enabling 100% diffraction efficiency. Simple necessary and sufficient conditions for 100% efficiency are derived. Moreover, the role of the reflection phase of the perfect reflector, including the contribution of the optical path between the top corrugation and the reflector, is emphasized.

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