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Abstract
Electro-optic (EO) modulators based on polymer-embedded silicon racetrack resonators (EOM-PSRR) are investigated. To obtain the single-mode propagation condition, the mode and transmission characteristics of the polymer-embedded silicon waveguide are simulated by the finite element method (FEM). By adding a static bias voltage, the EO modulation performances of EOM-PSRR embedded with lithium niobate (${{\rm LiNbO}_3}$), EO polymer (AJ309), and hybrid EO ${\rm polymer}/{{\rm TiO}_2}$ material (HEOT) are studied. The results show that the EOM-PSRR embedded with ${{\rm LiNbO}_3}$ achieves a high modulation depth (MD) of ${\sim}27.6\;{\rm dB}$ with a low EO wavelength tuning (${\lambda _{\rm{EO}}}$) of 10 pm/V. However, the EOM-PSRR embedded with HEOT has a high ${\lambda _{\rm{EO}}}$ of 100 pm/V but a low MD of ${\sim}6.2\;{\rm dB}$ with an extinction ratio of ${\sim}5.2\;{\rm dB}$. The EOM-PSRR has potential application prospects in optical communication, optical signal processing, and optical network links. It can be produced as an optical frequency comb generator in a dense wavelength division multiplexing system, an EO frequency shifter for laser beams, an optical soliton former, and a photon time-delay device in a phased array radar.
© 2022 Optica Publishing Group
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