Abstract

The concept of an average soliton has proved useful in understanding stable propagation of picosecond solitons in the presence of periodical gain or loss.^[1–3] In this model, exceptional stability is achieved when z_o ≫ z_a, where z_a is the amplification period and z_o the characteristic soliton period. The periodical variation in the soliton parameters then averages to those of an equivalent loss free soliton with constant coefficients.

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