Abstract
The Ti:LiNbO3 modulator has started being used in advanced optical transmission experiments and is required for high-speed modulation.1−3 The modulation bandwidth Δf is mainly limited by microwave decay and the velocity mismatch between microwave and light. These are proportional to the electrode length L. The drive voltage Vπ is inversely proportional to L. Thus, decreasing the microwave decay, velocity mismatch, and Vπ are areas of concern that must be addressed when making a high-bandwidth modulator.
© 1991 Optical Society of America
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