Abstract

A measurement apparatus influences a classical object in a deterministic way, such that in principle the disturbance by the measurement can approach zero. In a measurement of a quantum mechanical object there is always a minimum amount of indeterministic disturbance of the object, connected to the amount of extractable information. This difference was already discussed by Heisenberg in 1927¹ and subsequently by many authors using various Gedankenexperiments.

© 1994 IEEE