Abstract

Based on a quantum limitation, it is shown that to achieve an efficient nonlinear rectification in an ideally designed system, the wave electric field E must exceed [mω3h/(2πe2)]1/2 where e, m, ω, and h are the electron charge, the electron mass, the angular frequency of a pump wave, and the Planck constant, respectively.

© 1980 Optical Society of America

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