Abstract

Exciton-polaritonic states are generated by strong interactions between photons and excitons in nanocavities. Bulk transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) host excitons with a large binding energy at room temperature, and thus are regarded as an ideal platform for realizing exciton-polaritons. In this work, we investigate the strong coupling properties between high-Q toroidal dipole (TD) resonance and bulk WS₂ excitons in a hybrid metasurface, consisting of Si₃N₄ nanodisk arrays with embedded WS₂. Multipole decomposition and near-field distribution confirm that Si₃N₄ nanodisk arrays support strong TD resonance. The TD resonance wavelength is easily tuned to overlap with the bulk WS₂ exciton wavelength, and strong coupling is observed when the bulk WS₂ is integrated with the hollow nanodisk and the oscillator strength of the WS₂ material is adjusted to be greater than 0.6. The Rabi splitting of the hybrid device is up to 65 meV. In addition, strong coupling is confirmed by the anticrossing of fluorescence enhancement in the hybrid Si₃N₄–WS₂ metastructure. Our findings are expected to be of importance for both fundamental research in TMDC-based light–matter interactions and practical applications in the design of high-performance exciton-polariton devices.

© 2023 Optica Publishing Group

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