Unified statistical thermocline channel model for underwater wireless optical communication

Hongcheng Qiu; Zhitong Huang; Jie Xu; Wenmin Zhai; Yi Gao; Yuefeng Ji

doi:10.1364/OL.481958

Optics Letters
Vol. 48,
Issue 3,
pp. 636-639
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.481958

Unified statistical thermocline channel model for underwater wireless optical communication

Hongcheng Qiu, Zhitong Huang, Jie Xu, Wenmin Zhai, Yi Gao, and Yuefeng Ji

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Hongcheng Qiu, Zhitong Huang, Jie Xu, Wenmin Zhai, Yi Gao, and Yuefeng Ji, "Unified statistical thermocline channel model for underwater wireless optical communication," Opt. Lett. 48, 636-639 (2023)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: November 25, 2022
- Revised Manuscript: December 22, 2022
- Manuscript Accepted: December 29, 2022
- Published: January 23, 2023

Abstract

Understanding the effect of ocean turbulence on optical beam propagation is critical to the design and performance evaluation of underwater wireless optical communication systems. In this Letter, we propose a unified Weibull–generalized gamma distribution to characterize the laser beam irradiance fluctuations of turbulent underwater thermocline wireless optical channels. The proposed model shows an excellent agreement with the measured data under various experimental emulated channel conditions that cover turbulences induced by temperature, salinity, and air bubbles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model that comprehensively describes the statistics of the laser beam irradiance fluctuations in underwater wireless optical channels due to both thermohaline gradient and air bubbles.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Input I Temperature ( $^{\circ}$ C)	Input II Temperature ( $^{\circ}$ C)	Mean Temperature ( $^{\circ}$ C)	Temperature Gradient ( $G_{T}$ ) ( $^{\circ}$ C/cm)
15	15	15	0
10	20		0.1
5	25		0.2

Input I Salinity (g/L)	Input II Salinity (g/L)	Mean Salinity (g/L)	Salinity Gradient ( $G_{S}$ ) (g/(L cm))
35.0	35.0	35.0	0
37.5	32.5		0.05
45.0	25.0		0.20

$G_{T}$ ( $^{\circ}$ C/cm)	$G_{S}$ (g/(L cm))	$R_{A}$ (L/min)	$σ_{I, m e a s}^{2}$	EGG Distribution			WGG Distribution
$G_{T}$ ( $^{\circ}$ C/cm)	$G_{S}$ (g/(L cm))	$R_{A}$ (L/min)	$σ_{I, m e a s}^{2}$	$σ_{I}^{2}$	( $ω, λ, a, b, c$ )	$R^{2}$	$σ_{I}^{2}$	( $ω, k, λ, a, b, c$ )	$R^{2}$
0.1	0.05	2	0.2934	0.4661	(0.5467, 0.8781, 123.8276, $1 \times 10^{- 6}$ , 0.3444)	0.7375	0.2915	(0.2100, 3.1200, 0.3000, 80.8680, $1.1084 \times 10^{- 6}$ , 0.3164)	0.9844
0.1	0.05	5	0.3712	0.5795	(0.6299, 1.0011, 108.3749, $1 \times 10^{- 6}$ , 0.3343)	0.9253	0.3571	(0.2676, 2.1737, 0.3609, 72.4188, $1 \times 10^{- 6}$ , 0.3053)	0.9834
0.2	0.20	2	0.6364	0.6986	(0.5600, 0.4000, 93.1308, $1.02 \times 10^{- 6}$ , 0.3165)	0.9301	0.6725	(0.4200, 1.6400, 0.2870, 69.8487, $1.0248 \times 10^{- 6}$ , 0.2974)	0.9871
0.2	0.20	5	1.3835	2.7631	(0.4392, 2.5286, 0.2001, 0.4654, 4.1969)	0.9887	1.7670	(0.3150, 2.6702, 3.1768, 0.1755, 0.5155, 4.3411)	0.9927

Input I Temperature ( $^{\circ}$ C)	Input II Temperature ( $^{\circ}$ C)	Mean Temperature ( $^{\circ}$ C)	Temperature Gradient ( $G_{T}$ ) ( $^{\circ}$ C/cm)
15	15	15	0
10	20		0.1
5	25		0.2

Input I Salinity (g/L)	Input II Salinity (g/L)	Mean Salinity (g/L)	Salinity Gradient ( $G_{S}$ ) (g/(L cm))
35.0	35.0	35.0	0
37.5	32.5		0.05
45.0	25.0		0.20

Abstract

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Optics Letters