Mode-mismatched dual-beam method to evaluate thermal and electronic laser-induced lensing effects in Cr<sup>3&#x002B;</sup>- and Yb<sup>3&#x002B;</sup>-doped crystals

J. R. Silva; J. R. Silva; T. Catunda; S. C. Rand

doi:10.1364/OL.510945

Optics Letters
Vol. 48,
Issue 24,
pp. 6541-6544
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.510945

Mode-mismatched dual-beam method to evaluate thermal and electronic laser-induced lensing effects in Cr³⁺- and Yb³⁺-doped crystals

J. R. Silva, T. Catunda, and S. C. Rand

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J. R. Silva, T. Catunda, and S. C. Rand, "Mode-mismatched dual-beam method to evaluate thermal and electronic laser-induced lensing effects in Cr³⁺- and Yb³⁺-doped crystals," Opt. Lett. 48, 6541-6544 (2023)

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Abstract

We report on a mode-mismatched thermal lens experiment performed to quantitatively evaluate thermal and electronic laser-induced lensing effects in ion-doped crystals Cr³⁺:LiSAF, Yb³⁺:KYW, and Yb³⁺:YAG. The large diameter of the probe beam resulted in a slow thermal effect (∼dozens of milliseconds) two orders of magnitude larger than the electronic one, improving the discrimination of both competitive effects. All thermal and electronic parameters are obtained from transient signals modeled by an analytical equation, valid for small phase shifts in the absence of upconversion effects.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Material	D (x10⁻³ cm²/s)	θ_th/P_e (mW⁻¹)	αL_ef	Θ_pure (W⁻¹)	<λ_em> (nm)	η_ext
2% Yb:KYW at 970 nm	10.1 ± 0.2	60.4	0.627	5.7 [24,25]	1002 [23]	1.02 ± 0.03
3% Yb:YAG at 1025 nm	17 ± 2	−2.15	0.130	1.8 [20,25]	1012 [23]	1.00 ± 0.01
1.5% Cr:LiSAF at 751 nm	6.5 ± 0.1	4.4	0.10	0.66 [16,27]	850 [16]	1.05 ± 0.06
4% Cr:LiSAF at 751 nm	14 ± 2	−3.0	0.06	0.66 [16,27]	850 [16]	1.05 ± 0.06
7% Cr:LiSAF at 751 nm	6.5 ± 0.1	46.5	0.259	1.2 [27]	850 [16]	0.96 ± 0.04

Material	τ (ms)	θ_pop/P_e (mW⁻¹)	σ_abs (x10⁻²⁰ cm²)	Δα_p (x10⁻²⁶ cm³)
2% Yb:KYW at 970 nm	0.270 ± 0.003	156	2.1 [23]	2.2 ± 0.4
3% Yb:YAG at 1025 nm	0.98 ± 0.01	48.13	0.09 [23]	1.3 ± 0.2
1.5% Cr:LiSAF at 751 nm	0.070 ± 0.005	19.6	0.25 [22]	4.1 ± 0.8
4% Cr:LiSAF at 751 nm	0.068 ± 0.003	18.6	0.17 [22]	6.2 ± 1.2
7% Cr:LiSAF at 751 nm	0.070 ± 0.008	36.2	0.25 [22]	8.5 ± 1.6

Material	D (x10⁻³ cm²/s)	θ_th/P_e (mW⁻¹)	αL_ef	Θ_pure (W⁻¹)	<λ_em> (nm)	η_ext
2% Yb:KYW at 970 nm	10.1 ± 0.2	60.4	0.627	5.7 [24,25]	1002 [23]	1.02 ± 0.03
3% Yb:YAG at 1025 nm	17 ± 2	−2.15	0.130	1.8 [20,25]	1012 [23]	1.00 ± 0.01
1.5% Cr:LiSAF at 751 nm	6.5 ± 0.1	4.4	0.10	0.66 [16,27]	850 [16]	1.05 ± 0.06
4% Cr:LiSAF at 751 nm	14 ± 2	−3.0	0.06	0.66 [16,27]	850 [16]	1.05 ± 0.06
7% Cr:LiSAF at 751 nm	6.5 ± 0.1	46.5	0.259	1.2 [27]	850 [16]	0.96 ± 0.04

Material	τ (ms)	θ_pop/P_e (mW⁻¹)	σ_abs (x10⁻²⁰ cm²)	Δα_p (x10⁻²⁶ cm³)
2% Yb:KYW at 970 nm	0.270 ± 0.003	156	2.1 [23]	2.2 ± 0.4
3% Yb:YAG at 1025 nm	0.98 ± 0.01	48.13	0.09 [23]	1.3 ± 0.2
1.5% Cr:LiSAF at 751 nm	0.070 ± 0.005	19.6	0.25 [22]	4.1 ± 0.8
4% Cr:LiSAF at 751 nm	0.068 ± 0.003	18.6	0.17 [22]	6.2 ± 1.2
7% Cr:LiSAF at 751 nm	0.070 ± 0.008	36.2	0.25 [22]	8.5 ± 1.6

Abstract

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Optics Letters