Emission cross section redetermination of Nd:LuAG crystals

Conghui Huang; Conghui Huang; Shanmin Li; Shanmin Li; Chengchun Zhao; Chengchun Zhao; Yin Hang; Yin Hang

doi:10.1364/OL.506166

Optics Letters
Vol. 48,
Issue 21,
pp. 5507-5510
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.506166

Emission cross section redetermination of Nd:LuAG crystals

Conghui Huang, Shanmin Li, Chengchun Zhao, and Yin Hang

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Conghui Huang, Shanmin Li, Chengchun Zhao, and Yin Hang, "Emission cross section redetermination of Nd:LuAG crystals," Opt. Lett. 48, 5507-5510 (2023)

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Abstract

The emission cross section of Nd:LuAG was evaluated using two different methods: the Füchtbauer–Ladenburg equation and the threshold-slope measurements; similar results were obtained with both methods. All measurements and calculations were compared with those of Nd:YAG to reduce uncertainty. Detailed spectroscopic properties of Nd:LuAG were demonstrated. The results showed that the peak emission cross section of Nd:LuAG is approximately 20 × 10⁻²⁰ cm², approximately 2/3 the emission cross section of Nd:YAG, instead of the previously reported 9.67 × 10⁻²⁰ cm². Additionally, the corresponding saturation flux is 0.9 J/cm². Therefore, the energy storage capacity of Nd:LuAG is not significantly improved, and it is not sufficient for large-scale amplifiers.

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Corrections

26 October 2023: A typographical correction was made to the author listing.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Transition (from ⁴I_9/2)	$\bar{λ}$	n( $\bar{λ}$ )	S_meas (×10⁻²⁰)	S_calc (×10⁻²⁰)
⁴F_3/2	881	1.8267	0.72	0.92
⁴F_5/2+ ²H_9/2	805	1.8288	3.63	3.49
⁴F_7/2+ ⁴S_3/2	746	1.8308	3.58	3.75
⁴F_9/2	681	1.8335	0.24	0.25
⁴G_5/2+ ²G_7/2	585	1.8392	2.3	2.3
⁴G_7/2+ ⁴G_9/2+ ²K_13/2	524	1.8447	1.7	1.3
²K_15/2+ ²G_9/2+ ²D_3/2+ ⁴G_11/2	472	1.8522	0.58	0.32
²P_1/2+ ²D_5/2	435	1.8573	0.09	0.11
⁴D_3/2+ ⁴D_5/2+ ²I_11/2+ ⁴D_1/2+ ²L_15/2	358	1.8781	1.7	1.8

Nd:Crystal	YAG	GGG	GSGG	GSAG	YAG	LuAG
Ω₂(×10⁻²⁰ cm²)	0.2	0.0	0.35	1.3	0.3	0.35
Ω₄(×10⁻²⁰ cm²)	2.7	3.3	2.35	2.4	2.84	2.7
Ω₆(×10⁻²⁰ cm²)	5.0	3.7	3.23	4.2	5.0	5.5
⁴I_9/2	0.37	0.32	0.39	0.37	0.327	0.330
⁴I_11/2	0.5	0.54	0.51	0.50	0.545	0.543
⁴I_13/2	0.13	0.14	0.10	0.13	0.120	0.120
τ_r (µs)	259 ± 25	250 ± 32	284 ± 40	275 ± 41	267 ± 20	253 ± 30
reference	[36]	[37]	[38]	[39]	This work	This work

	Nd:LuAG		Nd:YAG
Transition	λ (nm)	σ_abs (×10⁻²⁰ cm²)	λ (nm)	σ_abs (×10⁻²⁰ cm²)
⁴I_9/2 → ⁴F_5/2	808.8	6.0	808.6	7.2
	λ (nm)	σ_em (×10⁻²⁰ cm²)	λ (nm)	σ_em (×10⁻²⁰ cm²)
⁴F_3/2→⁴I_9/2	941.2	2.0	938.5	2.6
	947.2	2.7	946.0	4.1
⁴F_3/2→⁴I_11/2	1053.3	5.5	1051.9	7.8
	1060.9	12.2	1061.4	16.4
	1064.3	20.6	1064.1	28.6
	1068.1	4.6	1068.0	4.2
	1072.0	9.0	1073.7	12.7
	1076.1	4.0	1077.8	5.8
	1109.0	1.3	1105.4	1.6
	1113.8	3.2	1111.7	4.2
	1117.4	3.4	1115.6	4.0
	1122.2	3.3	1122.1	3.9
⁴F_3/2→⁴I_13/2	1320.8	4.2	1318.9	7.0
	1338.4	5.9	1338.5	7.5
	1352.8	4.2	1356.5	6.2
	1418.4	1.8	1413.0	2.5
	1432.6	1.7	1430.5	2.0
	1442.9	2.1	1443.6	2.9

Crystal	λ_l(µm)	$τ_{f}$ (µs)	$η_{s}$	σ_em(10⁻²⁰ cm²)
Nd:YAG	1.0641	236.8	89.5 ± 4.8	31.5 ± 1.7
Nd:LuAG	1.0643	255.6	137.6 ± 9.2	19.0 ± 1.3

Transition (from ⁴I_9/2)	$\bar{λ}$	n( $\bar{λ}$ )	S_meas (×10⁻²⁰)	S_calc (×10⁻²⁰)
⁴F_3/2	881	1.8267	0.72	0.92
⁴F_5/2+ ²H_9/2	805	1.8288	3.63	3.49
⁴F_7/2+ ⁴S_3/2	746	1.8308	3.58	3.75
⁴F_9/2	681	1.8335	0.24	0.25
⁴G_5/2+ ²G_7/2	585	1.8392	2.3	2.3
⁴G_7/2+ ⁴G_9/2+ ²K_13/2	524	1.8447	1.7	1.3
²K_15/2+ ²G_9/2+ ²D_3/2+ ⁴G_11/2	472	1.8522	0.58	0.32
²P_1/2+ ²D_5/2	435	1.8573	0.09	0.11
⁴D_3/2+ ⁴D_5/2+ ²I_11/2+ ⁴D_1/2+ ²L_15/2	358	1.8781	1.7	1.8

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Optics Letters