Simultaneous sensing of temperature and strain with enhanced performance using forward Brillouin scattering in highly nonlinear fiber

Guijiang Yang; Keyan Zeng; Liang Wang; Ming Tang; Deming Liu

doi:10.1364/OL.493637

Optics Letters
Vol. 48,
Issue 13,
pp. 3611-3614
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.493637

Simultaneous sensing of temperature and strain with enhanced performance using forward Brillouin scattering in highly nonlinear fiber

Guijiang Yang, Keyan Zeng, Liang Wang, Ming Tang, and Deming Liu

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Guijiang Yang, Keyan Zeng, Liang Wang, Ming Tang, and Deming Liu, "Simultaneous sensing of temperature and strain with enhanced performance using forward Brillouin scattering in highly nonlinear fiber," Opt. Lett. 48, 3611-3614 (2023)

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Table of Contents Category
- Optical Sensors, Measurements, and Metrology
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: April 19, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: June 2, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: June 8, 2023
- Published: June 29, 2023

Abstract

Simultaneous temperature and strain sensing has been demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge by using forward Brillouin scattering (FBS) in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). It is based on different responses of radial acoustic modes R_0,m and torsional-radial acoustic modes TR_2,m to the temperature and strain. High-order acoustic modes with large FBS gain in an HNLF are chosen to improve the sensitivity. To reduce the measurement error, a method to select the best mode combination with the lowest measurement errors is proposed and demonstrated by both simulation and experiment. Three mode combinations have been used for both temperature and strain sensing, and by using the mode combination (R_0,18, TR_2,29), the lowest temperature and strain errors of 0.12°C/39 µɛ have been achieved. Compared with sensors using backward Brillouin scattering (BBS), the proposed scheme only requires frequency measurement around 1 GHz, which is cost-effective without the need for a ∼10-GHz microwave source. Moreover, the accuracy is enhanced since the FBS resonance frequency and spectrum linewidth are much smaller than those of BBS.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Fiber type	BBS/FBS	T/ɛ error	Ref.
MCF	BBS	2.2°C / 40µɛ	[4]
PCF	BBS	3.9°C / 83µɛ	[5]
LEAF	BBS	2.4°C / 66.2µɛ	[6]
DCF	BBS	2.6°C / 64.6µɛ	[7]
FMF	BBS	1.2°C / 21.9µɛ	[8]
PMMA fiber	BBS	1°C / 33µɛ	[9]
MCF	BBS	2.93°C / 44.23µɛ	[10]
LPG	FBS	0.2°C / 25µɛ	[16]
HNLF	FBS	0.12°C/39µɛ	Our work

Mode	Frequency (MHz)	SNR (dB)	Linewidth (MHz)
$R_{0, 11}$	507.22	15.1	6.09
$R_{0, 18}$	837.04	14.8	6.99
$R_{0, 30}$	1401.74	11.3	7.03
$T R_{2, 21}$	405.12	14	2.50
$T R_{2, 29}$	552.34	13.1	2.73
$T R_{2, 49}$	906.47	8	2.99

$T$ / $ε$	Error
$T$ / $ε$	( $R_{0, 18}$ , $T R_{2, 29}$ )	( $R_{0, 11}$ , $T R_{2, 21}$ )	( $R_{0, 30}$ , $T R_{2, 49}$ )
29°C / 271.02 µɛ	0.15°C / 46.96 µɛ	0.32°C / 67.05 µɛ	0.41°C / 104.08 µɛ
41.10°C / 1596 µɛ	0.15°C / 40.91 µɛ	0.27°C / 81.65 µɛ	0.46°C / 109.53 µɛ
50.80°C / 843.17 µɛ	0.12°C / 39 µɛ	0.19°C / 49.10 µɛ	0.45°C / 110.12 µɛ

Fiber type	BBS/FBS	T/ɛ error	Ref.
MCF	BBS	2.2°C / 40µɛ	[4]
PCF	BBS	3.9°C / 83µɛ	[5]
LEAF	BBS	2.4°C / 66.2µɛ	[6]
DCF	BBS	2.6°C / 64.6µɛ	[7]
FMF	BBS	1.2°C / 21.9µɛ	[8]
PMMA fiber	BBS	1°C / 33µɛ	[9]
MCF	BBS	2.93°C / 44.23µɛ	[10]
LPG	FBS	0.2°C / 25µɛ	[16]
HNLF	FBS	0.12°C/39µɛ	Our work

Mode	Frequency (MHz)	SNR (dB)	Linewidth (MHz)
$R_{0, 11}$	507.22	15.1	6.09
$R_{0, 18}$	837.04	14.8	6.99
$R_{0, 30}$	1401.74	11.3	7.03
$T R_{2, 21}$	405.12	14	2.50
$T R_{2, 29}$	552.34	13.1	2.73
$T R_{2, 49}$	906.47	8	2.99

Abstract

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Optics Letters