Expand this Topic clickable element to expand a topic
Skip to content
Optica Publishing Group
Journal Home About Issues in Progress Current Issue All Issues Feature Issues

Accurate characterization of full-chain infrared multispectral imaging features under an aerodynamic thermal environment

Ning Yang, Ying Yuan, Chao Zhang, Xin Liu, Xiaorui Wang, and Yi Li

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

The detection performance of infrared imaging systems during high-speed flight is significantly impacted by aero-optical and aero-thermal radiation effects. However, traditional numerical calculations struggle to balance accuracy and efficiency, and there is a lack of a comprehensive model for infrared imaging in an aerodynamic thermal environment. In this study, we propose a calculation method based on Cellular Automata (CA) ray tracing, which allows for parallel calculation of aero-optical and aero-thermal radiation effects by combining optical field transport rules with the cellular space obtained by interpolation under fluid-solid boundary constraints. Using this method, we extend the traditional imaging feature prediction model of the infrared imaging system to obtain an accurate characterization model of the full-chain imaging features adapted to the aerodynamic thermal environment. Finally, we investigate the characteristics of infrared multispectral imaging system in various spectral bands under the influence of aero-optical and aero-thermal radiation effects. With this full-chain imaging model, the key elements of the imaging system under aerodynamic thermal environment can be globally optimized.

© 2023 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

Full Article  |  PDF Article
More Like This
Optical performance evaluation of an infrared system of a hypersonic vehicle in an aero-thermal environment

Wenzhi Zhang, Lin Ju, Zhigang Fan, Wenwen Fan, and Shouqian Chen
Opt. Express 31(16) 26517-26534 (2023)

Space-based full chain multi-spectral imaging features accurate prediction and analysis for aircraft plume under sea/cloud background

Hang Yuan, Xiao-rui Wang, Ying Yuan, Ke Li, Chao Zhang, and Zhen-shun Zhao
Opt. Express 27(18) 26027-26043 (2019)

Evaluating imaging quality of optical dome affected by aero-optical transmission effect and aero-thermal radiation effect

Wang Hui, Shouqian Chen, Wang Zhang, Fanyang Dang, Lin Ju, Xianmei Xu, and Zhigang Fan
Opt. Express 28(5) 6172-6187 (2020)

View More...

Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

Cited By

Optica participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from Optica Publishing Group journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.


Figures (11)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Imaging process of an infrared imaging system under an aerodynamic thermal environment.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) High-dimensional light field represented by a ray array; (b) Transmission process of light field vector in fluid-solid-thermal coupling medium.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) CA space generation using CFD data and measured data; (b) 3D cell with its 3D Moore-type neighbors; (c) Ray tracing calculation using CA properties; (d) The solution at the fluid-solid boundary.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. The overall calculation process for aero-optical and aero-thermal radiation effects.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. The aero-optical and aero-thermal radiation effects calculation results coupled with the optical system and imaging sensor array. (a) Calculating radiant flux; (b) Calculating PSF.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Comparison between ray tracing results and analytical results in a medium with gradient refractive index. (a) Comparison between tracing path and ideal path; (b) Computation error results under different cellular sizes and tracing step lengths.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Radiation content of the shock layer and optical window in different spectral bands at 10 km altitude. (a) optical window 1; (b) optical window 2.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. The spectral radiation characteristics of optical window 2 under different flight speed. (a) spectral radiance in 3500∼3850 cm-1; (b) spectral radiance in 2200∼2400 cm-1; (c) spectral radiance in 800∼1250 cm-1; (d) spectral radiance in 2300∼3300 cm-1.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. The full-chain imaging simulation process under aerodynamic thermal environments.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. (a) The spectral radiation of the original standard 4 bars target at 2200∼2400 cm-1; (b) The imaging simulation results at 2200∼2400 cm-1; (c) The spectral radiation of the original standard 4 bars target at 3500∼3850 cm-1;(d) The imaging simulation results at 3500∼3850 cm-1.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 11.
Fig. 11. Original image (a) and simulation results after adding aero-optical and aero-thermal radiation effects; (b) 3 Ma; (c) 4 Ma; (d) 5 Ma.

Download Full Size | PDF

Tables (6)

Tables Icon

Table 1. The computation results under different tracing step lengths

View Table | View all tables in this article
Tables Icon

Table 2. The simulation parameters

View Table | View all tables in this article
Tables Icon

Table 3. Simulation parameters of standard 4 bars target scene

View Table | View all tables in this article
Tables Icon

Table 4. Evaluation results at a saturation threshold of 1.5×max(Eint)

View Table | View all tables in this article
Tables Icon

Table 5. Evaluation results at a saturation threshold of 5×max(Eint)

View Table | View all tables in this article
Tables Icon

Table 6. Simulation parameters of actual scene

View Table | View all tables in this article

Equations (13)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

d d s ( n ( s ) d r d s ) = ∇ n ( s )
d L ν ( s ) d s = k ν ( s ) ⋅ ( j ν k ν ( s ) − L ν ( s ) )
d L ν ( s ) d s = k ν ( s ) ⋅ ( L b ν ( s ) − L ν ( s ) )
{ L ν ( s 1 ) = L ν ( s 0 ) exp ⁡ [ − τ ν ( s 0 , s 1 ) ] + ∫ s 0 s 1 k ν ( s ) L b ν ( s ) exp ⁡ [ − τ ν ( s , s 1 ) ] d s τ ν ( s 0 , s 1 ) = ∫ s 0 s 1 k ν ( s ) d s
{ L i n ( r i n , D i n , λ ) F ( x , y , z , n λ , k λ , T ) f i n = ∑ i f i n _ i ( s ∈ S i ) , B R D F ( f i n ) f o u t = ∑ i f o u t _ i ( s ∈ S i ) , B R D F ( f o u t ) d d s ( n ( s ) d r d s ) = ∇ n ( s ) d L ν ( s ) d s = k ν ( s ) ⋅ ( L b ν ( s ) − L ν ( s ) ) , ν = 1 / λ
{ r i + 1 = r i + h 6 ( K 1 + K 2 + K 3 + K 4 ) T i + 1 = T i + h 6 ( L 1 + L 2 + L 3 + L 4 ) K 1 = T i , L 1 = n ( r i ) ∇ n ( r i ) K 2 = T i + h L 1 / 2 , L 2 = n ( r 1 ) ∇ n ( r 1 ) K 3 = T i + h L 2 / 2 , L 3 = n ( r 2 ) ∇ n ( r 2 ) K 4 = T i + h L 3 , L 4 = n ( r 3 ) ∇ n ( r 3 ) d n ( r ) d l = n ( C A ( r ) l + 1 ) − n ( C A ( r ) l − 1 ) 2 h C A , l , ( l = x , y , z ) n ( r ) = ∑ m w m n ( C A ( r ) m ) , w C A , m ∝ 1 / n o r m ( r − P o s ( C A ( r ) m ) )
{ r 1 = r i + h K 1 / 2 r 2 = r i + h K 2 / 2 r 3 = r i + h K 3
P s , i ( λ ) = ∫ φ 1 φ 2 ∫ θ 1 θ 2 L s , i ( θ , φ , λ ) Δ A s , i ( θ , φ ) sin ⁡ θ d θ d φ
P m , n , i ( λ ) = ∑ i τ o p t ( λ ) P s , i ( λ ) | P s , i ( λ ) ∈ D e t ( m , n )
{ P det ( λ ) = τ a ( λ ) τ o p t ( λ ) P I n ( λ ) ∗ P S F a , λ + P a ( λ ) U det = ∫ λ P det ( λ ) R v ( λ ) d λ + U n G = { G min , U det < U min U det − U min U max − U min × ( G max − G min ) + G min , U min ≤ U det ≤ U max G max , U min < U det
n ( z ) = n ( 0 ) ( 1 − β 2 z 2 ) 1 / 2
S C R = G ¯ T − G ¯ B σ B
S S I M ( G a , G b ) = [ l ( G a , G b ) ] α [ c ( G a , G b ) ] β [ s ( G a , G b ) ] γ
Select as filters
Select Topics Cancel
Top
       
© Copyright 2024 | Optica Publishing Group. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial technologies or similar technologies.
Privacy | Terms of Use