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Improper statistics of the radiation from a randomly rotating source.
JOSA A- received 12/11/2023; accepted 04/21/2024; posted 04/25/2024; Doc. ID 515613
- Abstract: In a previous study [J. Opt. 19, 0905603 (2017)], we revealed that the completesecond-order statistics of narrowband polarized waves are characterized by thirteen parameters,in contrast to the four parameters of the traditional Stokes vector description of the statistics ofpartially polarized light. In this study, we analyzed the second-order statistics of the field of arandomly rotating source of electromagnetic radiation and showed that it includes covarianceof the right- and left-circular polarizations that are not captured by the Stokes vector formalism.We illustrate this finding using simple examples of rotating quadrupoles and dipole pairs.