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Pixel reassignment in image scanning microscopy with a doughnut beam: example of maximum likelihood restoration

Colin J. R. Sheppard, Marco Castello, Giorgio Tortarolo, Eli Slenders, Takahiro Deguchi, Sami V. Koho, Paolo Bianchini, Giuseppe Vicidomini, and Alberto Diaspro

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Abstract

In image scanning microscopy, the pinhole of a confocal microscope is replaced by a detector array. The point spread function for each detector element can be interpreted as the probability density function of the signal, the peak giving the most likely origin. This thus allows a form of maximum likelihood restoration, and compensation for aberrations, with similarities to adaptive optics. As an example of an aberration, we investigate theoretically and experimentally illumination with a vortex doughnut beam. After reassignment and summation over the detector array, the point spread function is compact, and the resolution and signal level higher than in a conventional microscope.

© 2021 Optical Society of America

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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