An Alkaline Solution of Potassium Chromate as a Transmittancy Standard in the Ultraviolet*

Geraldine Walker Haupt

doi:10.1364/JOSA.42.000441

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 42,
Issue 7,
pp. 441-447
(1952)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.42.000441

An Alkaline Solution of Potassium Chromate as a Transmittancy Standard in the Ultraviolet

Geraldine Walker Haupt

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Geraldine Walker Haupt, "An Alkaline Solution of Potassium Chromate as a Transmittancy Standard in the Ultraviolet*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 42, 441-447 (1952)

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Abstract

The need for a means of testing the reliability of the photometric scale of spectrophotometers in the ultraviolet region (where glasses are unsuitable) has led to the study of an aqueous solution of potassium chromate having the following composition: 0.0400 gram per liter of K₂CrO₄ in 0.05 N KOH. Based on extensive measurements using photographic, photoelectric, and visual spectrophotometry, standard values of spectral transmittancy have been determined for 1.000 and 2.000 cm of solution at 25°C from 220 to 500 mμ. These values have been tabulated along with derived values of absorbancy, molar absorbancy index a_M, and log₁₀a_M. The latter values have been compared graphically with those of other observers. Changes in spectral transmittancy with changes in temperature have been determined. The investigation has also included a study of the effects due to the container bottle and to age of solutions over periods up to eight years, and a comparison of results obtained with the solution prepared either from K₂CrO₄ or from K₂Cr₂O₇ as one of the reagents.

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	Transmittancy T_s for 1.000 cm
Wavelength	Tentative values^a based on 1940–42 data T_s′ (read from Fig. 1)	Beckman 1949 data, 25°C		Final values 5/24/49 T_s	Deviations from final values			Absorbancy A_s=−log₁₀T_s for 1 cm	Transmittancy T_s for 2 cm	Molar absorbancy index, a_M=A_s/bc^b	log₁₀a_M
		Hg sources	H and/or incandescent sources	Final values 5/24/49 T_s	1940–42 data (2)–(5)	1949 Beckman
		Hg sources	H and/or incandescent sources		1940–42 data (2)–(5)	Hg values (3)–(5)	H and/or Inc. values (4)–(5)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
mμ
210	0.000
15	0.037		0.07
20	0.35		0.358	0.358	−0.008		0.000	0.446	0.128	2167	3.34
25	0.60		0.601	0.601	−0.001		0.000	0.221	0.361	1074	3.03
30	0.682		0.667	0.674	+0.008		−0.007	0.171	0.454	832	2.92
35	0.617		0.615	0.616	+0.001		−0.001	0.210	0.379	1022	3.01
40	0.509		0.505	0.507	+0.002		−0.002	0.295	0.257	1433	3.16
45	0.408		0.397	0.402	+0.006		−0.005	0.396	0.162	1922	3.28
50	0.319		0.319	0.319	0.000		0.000	0.496	0.102	2410	3.38
53.6	0.279	0.278	0.280	0.279	0.000	−0.001	+0.001	0.554	0.078	2693	3.43
55	0.268		0.268	0.268	0.000		0.000	0.572	0.072	2778	3.44
60	0.232		0.234	0.233	−0.001		+0.001	0.633	0.054	3072	3.49
65	0.201		0.204	0.202	−0.001		+0.002	0.695	0.041	3374	3.53
70	0.180		0.181	0.180	0.000		+0.001	0.745	0.032	3617	3.56
75	0.173		0.178	0.175	−0.002		+0.003	0.757	0.031	3676	3.57
80	0.189		0.199	0.194	−0.005		+0.005	0.712	0.038	3459	3.54
85	0.254		0.261	0.257	−0.003		+0.004	0.590	0.066	2866	3.46
90	0.372		0.374	0.373	−0.001		+0.001	0.428	0.139	2080	3.32
95	0.527		0.536	0.533	−0.006		+0.003	0.273	0.284	1327	3.12
96.7	0.590	0.605	0.600	0.598	−0.008	+0.007	+0.002	0.223	0.358	1084	3.04
300	0.703		0.710	0.709	−0.006		+0.001	0.149	0.503	726	2.86
02.2	0.764	0.779	0.770	0.771	−0.007	+0.008	−0.001	0.113	0.594	548	2.74
05	0.831		0.834	0.834	−0.003		0.000	0.079	0.696	383	2.58
10	0.899		0.888	0.895	+0.004		−0.007	0.048	0.801	234	2.37
13.2	0.910	0.907	0.897	0.905	+0.005	+0.002	−0.008	0.043	0.819	211	2.32
15	0.904		0.893	0.900	+0.004		−0.007	0.046	0.810	222	2.35
20	0.867		0.860	0.864	+0.003		−0.004	0.064	0.746	308	2.49
25	0.810		0.797	0.804	+0.006		−0.007	0.095	0.646	460	2.66
30	0.715		0.706	0.710	+0.005		−0.004	0.149	0.504	722	2.86
34.2	0.622	0.620	0.619	0.620	+0.002	0.000	−0.001	0.208	0.384	1008	3.00
35	0.603		0.598	0.600	+0.003		−0.002	0.222	0.360	1077	3.03
40	0.486		0.480	0.483	+0.003		−0.003	0.316	0.233	1535	3.19
45	0.379		0.367	0.373	+0.006		−0.006	0.428	0.139	2080	3.32
50	0.281		0.272	0.276	+0.005		−0.004	0.559	0.076	2715	3.43
55	0.202		0.196	0.199	+0.003		−0.003	0.701	0.040	3405	3.53
60	0.148		0.148	0.148	0.000		0.000	0.830	0.022	4030	3.61
65	0.115	0.114	0.118	0.116	−0.001	−0.002	+0.002	0.936	0.013	4544	3.66
70	0.102		0.104	0.103	−0.001		+0.001	0.987	0.011	4795	3.68
75	0.103		0.102	0.102	+0.001		0.000	0.991	0.010	4815	3.68
80	0.118		0.116	0.117	+0.001		−0.001	0.932	0.014	4526	3.66
85	0.152		0.147	0.150	+0.002		−0.003	0.824	0.022	4002	3.60
90	0.207		0.198	0.202	+0.005		−0.004	0.695	0.041	3374	3.53
95	0.301		0.287	0.294	+0.007		−0.007	0.532	0.086	2582	3.41
400	0.410		0.395	0.402	+0.008		−0.007	0.396	0.162	1922	3.28
04.7	0.521	0.515	0.508	0.515	+0.006	0.000	−0.007	0.288	0.265	1400	3.15
10	0.635		0.630	0.632	+0.003		−0.002	0.199	0.399	968	2.99
20	0.748		0.754	0.751	−0.003		+0.003	0.124	0.564	604	2.78
30	0.824		0.824	0.824	0.000		0.000	0.084	0.679	408	2.61
35.8	0.861	0.860	0.856	0.859	+0.002	+0.001	−0.003	0.066	0.738	320	2.51
40	0.884		0.880	0.882	+0.002		−0.002	0.054	0.778	265	2.42
50	0.928		0.926	0.927	+0.001		−0.001	0.033	0.859	160	2.20
60	0.961		0.959	0.960	+0.001		−0.001	0.018	0.922	86	1.93
70	0.981		0.979	0.980	+0.001		−0.001	0.009	0.960	43	1.63
80	0.992		0.990	0.991	+0.001		−0.001	0.004	0.982	19	1.28
90	0.998		0.996	0.997	+0.001.		−0.001	0.001	0.994	6	0.80
500	1.000		0.999	1.000	0.000		−0.001	0.000	1.000

Wavelength mμ	Values of ΔT_s for 10-deg. change in C	Values of ΔA_s for 10-deg. change in C
210
15	+0.028	−0.22
20	0.070	0.094
25	0.035	0.026
30	0.0100	0.0065
35	+0.0010	−0.0007
40	−0.0026	+0.0022
45	0.0040	0.0043
50	0.0038	0.0051
53.6	0.0030	0.0046
55	0.0027	0.0044
60	0.0024	0.0045
65	0.0024	0.0051
70	0.0024	0.0058
75	0.0024	0.0059
80	0.0020	0.0045
85	0.0011	0.0019
90	−0.0001	+0.0001
95	+0.0011	−0.0009
96.7	0.0016	0.0012
300	0.0025	0.0015
02.2	0.0031	0.0017
05	0.0032	0.0017
10	0.0012	−0.0006
13.2	+0.0001	0.0000
15	−0.0004	+0.0002
20	0.0018	0.0009
25	0.0030	0.0016
30	0.0040	0.0024
34.2	0.0047	0.0033
35	0.0049	0.0035
40	0.0056	0.0050
45	0.0062	0.0072
50	0.0056	0.0087
55	0.0046	0.0099
60	0.0037	0.0107
65	0.0033	0.0122
70	0.0028	0.0116
75	0.0022	0.0093
80	0.0016	0.0059
85	−0.0007	+0.0020
90	+0.0005	−0.0011
95	0.0024	0.0036
400	0.0043	0.0047
04.7	0.0056	0.0047
10	0.0065	0.0045
20	0.0032	0.0019
30	0.0013	0.0007
35.8	0.0012	0.0006
40	0.0013	0.0006
50	0.0018	0.0008
60	0.0015	0.0007
70	0.0010	0.0004
80	0.0006	0.0003
90	+0.0002	−0.0001
500	0.0000	0.0000

	Transmittancy T_s for 1.000 cm
Wavelength	Tentative values^a based on 1940–42 data T_s′ (read from Fig. 1)	Beckman 1949 data, 25°C		Final values 5/24/49 T_s	Deviations from final values			Absorbancy A_s=−log₁₀T_s for 1 cm	Transmittancy T_s for 2 cm	Molar absorbancy index, a_M=A_s/bc^b	log₁₀a_M
		Hg sources	H and/or incandescent sources	Final values 5/24/49 T_s	1940–42 data (2)–(5)	1949 Beckman
		Hg sources	H and/or incandescent sources		1940–42 data (2)–(5)	Hg values (3)–(5)	H and/or Inc. values (4)–(5)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
mμ
210	0.000
15	0.037		0.07
20	0.35		0.358	0.358	−0.008		0.000	0.446	0.128	2167	3.34
25	0.60		0.601	0.601	−0.001		0.000	0.221	0.361	1074	3.03
30	0.682		0.667	0.674	+0.008		−0.007	0.171	0.454	832	2.92
35	0.617		0.615	0.616	+0.001		−0.001	0.210	0.379	1022	3.01
40	0.509		0.505	0.507	+0.002		−0.002	0.295	0.257	1433	3.16
45	0.408		0.397	0.402	+0.006		−0.005	0.396	0.162	1922	3.28
50	0.319		0.319	0.319	0.000		0.000	0.496	0.102	2410	3.38
53.6	0.279	0.278	0.280	0.279	0.000	−0.001	+0.001	0.554	0.078	2693	3.43
55	0.268		0.268	0.268	0.000		0.000	0.572	0.072	2778	3.44
60	0.232		0.234	0.233	−0.001		+0.001	0.633	0.054	3072	3.49
65	0.201		0.204	0.202	−0.001		+0.002	0.695	0.041	3374	3.53
70	0.180		0.181	0.180	0.000		+0.001	0.745	0.032	3617	3.56
75	0.173		0.178	0.175	−0.002		+0.003	0.757	0.031	3676	3.57
80	0.189		0.199	0.194	−0.005		+0.005	0.712	0.038	3459	3.54
85	0.254		0.261	0.257	−0.003		+0.004	0.590	0.066	2866	3.46
90	0.372		0.374	0.373	−0.001		+0.001	0.428	0.139	2080	3.32
95	0.527		0.536	0.533	−0.006		+0.003	0.273	0.284	1327	3.12
96.7	0.590	0.605	0.600	0.598	−0.008	+0.007	+0.002	0.223	0.358	1084	3.04
300	0.703		0.710	0.709	−0.006		+0.001	0.149	0.503	726	2.86
02.2	0.764	0.779	0.770	0.771	−0.007	+0.008	−0.001	0.113	0.594	548	2.74
05	0.831		0.834	0.834	−0.003		0.000	0.079	0.696	383	2.58
10	0.899		0.888	0.895	+0.004		−0.007	0.048	0.801	234	2.37
13.2	0.910	0.907	0.897	0.905	+0.005	+0.002	−0.008	0.043	0.819	211	2.32
15	0.904		0.893	0.900	+0.004		−0.007	0.046	0.810	222	2.35
20	0.867		0.860	0.864	+0.003		−0.004	0.064	0.746	308	2.49
25	0.810		0.797	0.804	+0.006		−0.007	0.095	0.646	460	2.66
30	0.715		0.706	0.710	+0.005		−0.004	0.149	0.504	722	2.86
34.2	0.622	0.620	0.619	0.620	+0.002	0.000	−0.001	0.208	0.384	1008	3.00
35	0.603		0.598	0.600	+0.003		−0.002	0.222	0.360	1077	3.03
40	0.486		0.480	0.483	+0.003		−0.003	0.316	0.233	1535	3.19
45	0.379		0.367	0.373	+0.006		−0.006	0.428	0.139	2080	3.32
50	0.281		0.272	0.276	+0.005		−0.004	0.559	0.076	2715	3.43
55	0.202		0.196	0.199	+0.003		−0.003	0.701	0.040	3405	3.53
60	0.148		0.148	0.148	0.000		0.000	0.830	0.022	4030	3.61
65	0.115	0.114	0.118	0.116	−0.001	−0.002	+0.002	0.936	0.013	4544	3.66
70	0.102		0.104	0.103	−0.001		+0.001	0.987	0.011	4795	3.68
75	0.103		0.102	0.102	+0.001		0.000	0.991	0.010	4815	3.68
80	0.118		0.116	0.117	+0.001		−0.001	0.932	0.014	4526	3.66
85	0.152		0.147	0.150	+0.002		−0.003	0.824	0.022	4002	3.60
90	0.207		0.198	0.202	+0.005		−0.004	0.695	0.041	3374	3.53
95	0.301		0.287	0.294	+0.007		−0.007	0.532	0.086	2582	3.41
400	0.410		0.395	0.402	+0.008		−0.007	0.396	0.162	1922	3.28
04.7	0.521	0.515	0.508	0.515	+0.006	0.000	−0.007	0.288	0.265	1400	3.15
10	0.635		0.630	0.632	+0.003		−0.002	0.199	0.399	968	2.99
20	0.748		0.754	0.751	−0.003		+0.003	0.124	0.564	604	2.78
30	0.824		0.824	0.824	0.000		0.000	0.084	0.679	408	2.61
35.8	0.861	0.860	0.856	0.859	+0.002	+0.001	−0.003	0.066	0.738	320	2.51
40	0.884		0.880	0.882	+0.002		−0.002	0.054	0.778	265	2.42
50	0.928		0.926	0.927	+0.001		−0.001	0.033	0.859	160	2.20
60	0.961		0.959	0.960	+0.001		−0.001	0.018	0.922	86	1.93
70	0.981		0.979	0.980	+0.001		−0.001	0.009	0.960	43	1.63
80	0.992		0.990	0.991	+0.001		−0.001	0.004	0.982	19	1.28
90	0.998		0.996	0.997	+0.001.		−0.001	0.001	0.994	6	0.80
500	1.000		0.999	1.000	0.000		−0.001	0.000	1.000

Wavelength mμ	Values of ΔT_s for 10-deg. change in C	Values of ΔA_s for 10-deg. change in C
210
15	+0.028	−0.22
20	0.070	0.094
25	0.035	0.026
30	0.0100	0.0065
35	+0.0010	−0.0007
40	−0.0026	+0.0022
45	0.0040	0.0043
50	0.0038	0.0051
53.6	0.0030	0.0046
55	0.0027	0.0044
60	0.0024	0.0045
65	0.0024	0.0051
70	0.0024	0.0058
75	0.0024	0.0059
80	0.0020	0.0045
85	0.0011	0.0019
90	−0.0001	+0.0001
95	+0.0011	−0.0009
96.7	0.0016	0.0012
300	0.0025	0.0015
02.2	0.0031	0.0017
05	0.0032	0.0017
10	0.0012	−0.0006
13.2	+0.0001	0.0000
15	−0.0004	+0.0002
20	0.0018	0.0009
25	0.0030	0.0016
30	0.0040	0.0024
34.2	0.0047	0.0033
35	0.0049	0.0035
40	0.0056	0.0050
45	0.0062	0.0072
50	0.0056	0.0087
55	0.0046	0.0099
60	0.0037	0.0107
65	0.0033	0.0122
70	0.0028	0.0116
75	0.0022	0.0093
80	0.0016	0.0059
85	−0.0007	+0.0020
90	+0.0005	−0.0011
95	0.0024	0.0036
400	0.0043	0.0047
04.7	0.0056	0.0047
10	0.0065	0.0045
20	0.0032	0.0019
30	0.0013	0.0007
35.8	0.0012	0.0006
40	0.0013	0.0006
50	0.0018	0.0008
60	0.0015	0.0007
70	0.0010	0.0004
80	0.0006	0.0003
90	+0.0002	−0.0001
500	0.0000	0.0000

Abstract

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Figures (3)

Tables (2)

Equations (4)

Journal of the Optical Society of America