Long-term upgrade strategies in multiband and multifiber optical transport networks

Sai Kireet Patri; Sai Kireet Patri; Arantxa Paz; Mario Wenning; Mario Wenning; Jasper Müller; Jasper Müller; Carmen Mas-Machuca; Carmen Mas-Machuca

doi:10.1364/JOCN.509515

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 16,
Issue 5,
pp. 602-612
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.509515

Long-term upgrade strategies in multiband and multifiber optical transport networks

Sai Kireet Patri, Arantxa Paz, Mario Wenning, Jasper Müller, and Carmen Mas-Machuca

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Sai Kireet Patri, Arantxa Paz, Mario Wenning, Jasper Müller, and Carmen Mas-Machuca, "Long-term upgrade strategies in multiband and multifiber optical transport networks," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 16, 602-612 (2024)

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Abstract

Flexible-grid optical transport networks (OTNs) are currently undergoing a massive scale upgrade to bandwidth variable transceivers (BVTs) to cater to the exponential Internet traffic growth. Network operators seeking to plan future capacity in a scalable manner can also add additional bands of operations or additional fibers in the OTN. We propose two strategies for planning multiband upgrades in OTNs, which use an integer linear programming (ILP) solution and a heuristic solution with a reinforcement learning (RL)-based extension. Network simulation studies on three differently sized OTNs show that the heuristic and its RL-based extension perform extremely close to the optimal ILP-based solution while reducing execution times drastically. Finally, a techno-economic study based on what we believe to be a novel cost model highlights the cost-per-bit-per-second savings through carefully planned upgrades.

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Supplementary Material (1)

Name	Description
Code 1	Code to generate plots similar to Fig 6. can be run using plot_links_vs_bands.py

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	BVT Configurations		Maximum Optical Reach (km)
	Maximum Data Rate	Number of Slots	C	C $+$ L		C $+$ L $+$ S
Modulation	(Gbps)	(12.5 GHz grid)	C	C	L	C	L	S
QPSK	200	7	9900	9900	8400	8700	8400	7400
16-QAM	400	7	2700	2400	2200	2300	2200	2000
32-QAM	500	7	1300	1300	1100	1200	1100	1000
64-QAM	600	7	700	700	600	600	500	400

Variables	Type	Definition	Input/Output
${T r a f f i c}^{d}$	Integer	Traffic requested in Gbps by demand $d$	Input
${S l o t s}_{p, b}^{d}$	Integer	Slots needed by chunk $c$ of demand $d$ in path $p$ and band $b$	Input
${C h u n k s}_{p, b}^{d}$	Integer	Maximum number of chunks needed by demand $d$ in path $p$ and band $b$	Input
${L i g h t p a t h s}_{p, b}^{d}$	Integer	Lightpaths needed by chunk $c$ of demand $d$ in path $p$ and band $b$	Input
${D a t a r a t e}_{p, b}^{d}$	Integer	Data rate needed by chunk $c$ of demand $d$ in path $p$ and band $b$	Input
${S t o c k}_{b, f}^{l}$	Integer	Largest continuous and contiguous slots for link $l$ in band $b$ and fiber $f$	Input
$X_{p, l}^{d}$	Binary	1 if path $p$ from demand $d$ includes link $l$ , 0 otherwise	Input
$a_{b, f}^{l}$	Binary	1 if band $b$ in fiber $f$ is active for link $l$ , 0 otherwise	Input
$U_{c, p, b, f}^{d}$	Binary	1 if demand $d$ uses chunk $c$ at path $p$ , band $b$ and fiber $f$ , 0 otherwise	Output
$A_{b, f}^{l}$	Binary	1 if band $b$ at fiber $f$ must be activated for link $l$ , 0 otherwise	Output

Components	C-band	L-band	S-band
Amplifier ( $α_{c}, α_{l}, α_{s}$ )	1	1.2	1.5
$1 \times 9$ WSS ( $Ω_{c}, Ω_{l}, Ω_{s}$ )	5	6	7.5
$9 \times 18$ WSS ( $ω_{c}, ω_{l}, ω_{s}$ )	20	24	30
BVT ( $β_{c}, β_{l}, β_{s}$ )	36	43.2	54
MUX, DEMUX ( $μ, δ$ )	0.04
Per km fiber cost ( $κ_{f}$ )	0.8

				ILP	RL Time	Heu
Topology	Nodes	Links	Demands	Time (s)	(s)	Time (s)
Nobel-Germany	17	26	123	2880	45	44.7
Sweden	25	29	287	7620	151.7	151.2
Nobel-EU	28	41	378	7800	191	190.1

	BVT Configurations		Maximum Optical Reach (km)
	Maximum Data Rate	Number of Slots	C	C $+$ L		C $+$ L $+$ S
Modulation	(Gbps)	(12.5 GHz grid)	C	C	L	C	L	S
QPSK	200	7	9900	9900	8400	8700	8400	7400
16-QAM	400	7	2700	2400	2200	2300	2200	2000
32-QAM	500	7	1300	1300	1100	1200	1100	1000
64-QAM	600	7	700	700	600	600	500	400

Abstract

Supplementary Material (1)

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Figures (6)

Tables (4)

Equations (19)

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking