Abstract

Digital coherent transceivers have developed to the stage that they can monitor the physical state of an optical network and thus are capable of generating data to build measurement-informed physical layer models. After reviewing the measurement capabilities of coherent transceivers, we discuss different modeling approaches including physics-based models, data-driven models as well as hybrid models that incorporate elements of both physics-based and data-driven models. Having reviewed both the measurement capabilities and the modeling methodologies, the salient features of building digital twins based on measurement informed models for optical fiber communication systems are discussed.