Abstract

We model and examine various amplification options for trans-oceanic repeatered submarine systems using multicore fiber (MCF) transmission in the context of relative cable capacity and relative system cost/bit. First, we compare the optical performance of various configurations of parallel standard single-core erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (SC-EDFAs) and multicore erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (MC-EDFAs), including both the C/L-bands and core/cladding pump designs. Key amplifier parameters governing expected capacity and cost/bit performance include noise figure, amplifier bandwidth, relative electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency, and relative amplifier cost. We make our best estimates of these parameters through modeling, analysis, and component cost estimates and assess the sensitivity of the results to the nominal values. We find that MC-EDFAs using either core- or cladding-pumping might offer lower cost/bit than parallel SC-EDFAs but cladding-pumping may reduce cable capacities due to the higher noise figure and potentially smaller amplifier bandwidth.

First demonstration of MC-EDFA-repeatered SDM transmission of 40 x 128-Gbit/s PDM-QPSK signals per core over 6,160-km 7-core MCF

H. Takahashi, T. Tsuritani, E. L. T. de Gabory, T. Ito, W. R. Peng, K. Igarashi, K. Takeshima, Y. Kawaguchi, I. Morita, Y. Tsuchida, Y. Mimura, K. Maeda, T. Saito, K. Watanabe, K. Imamura, R. Sugizaki, and M. Suzuki
Opt. Express 21(1) 789-795 (2013)

Multicore Fibers for High-Capacity Submarine Transmission Systems

Md. Nooruzzaman and Toshio Morioka
J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 10(2) A175-A184 (2018)

32-core erbium/ytterbium-doped multicore fiber amplifier for next generation space-division multiplexed transmission system

Saurabh Jain, Carlos Castro, Yongmin Jung, John Hayes, Reza Sandoghchi, Takayuki Mizuno, Yusuke Sasaki, Yoshimichi Amma, Yutaka Miyamoto, Marc Bohn, Klaus Pulverer, Md. Nooruzzaman, Toshio Morioka, Shaiful Alam, and David J. Richardson
Opt. Express 25(26) 32887-32896 (2017)

Theoretical investigations of weakly- and strongly-coupled multi-core fibers for the applications of optical submarine communications under power and fiber count limits

Lin Sun, Junwei Zhang, Gai Zhou, Bin Chen, Gordon Ning Liu, Yi Cai, Zhaohui Li, Chao Lu, and Gangxiang Shen
Opt. Express 31(3) 4615-4629 (2023)

19-core MCF transmission system using EDFA with shared core pumping coupled via free-space optics

Jun Sakaguchi, Werner Klaus, Benjamin J. Puttnam, José Manuel Delgado Mendinueta, Yoshinari Awaji, Naoya Wada, Yukihiro Tsuchida, Koichi Maeda, Masateru Tadakuma, Katsunori Imamura, Ryuichi Sugizaki, Tetsuya Kobayashi, Yusaku Tottori, Masayuki Watanabe, and R. V. Jensen
Opt. Express 22(1) 90-95 (2014)