Abstract

Optical amplification beyond C- and L-bands may be a promising solution to increase the capacity of transmission systems. In this paper we reviewed different amplification technologies, including semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA), Raman amplifiers and doped fiber amplifiers briefly discussing their advantages and disadvantages. We found that while a variety of amplification solutions are available, they have not been implemented in practical systems because, until recently, C- and L- bands EDFA amplified systems provided sufficient capacity, and the lack of a complete optical components ecosystem. The O-band (1260–1360 nm) may be a notable exception since it has been used for decades for unamplified point-to-point transmission near fiber zero dispersion wavelength. Overall capacity demand and power budget reduction caused by the bit rate increase of pluggable modules promises to make O-band amplification an attractive solution. We present simple broadband O-band bismuth doped fiber amplifier (BDFA) with characteristics similar to, or above commercially available EDFAs. We demonstrated that BDFAs can amplify the entire O-band and a single stage amplifier can deliver 20 dB gain, 18 dBm output power and 5.5 dB noise figure over the 3-dB bandwidth greater than 60 nm. We illustrated the application of BDFAs by transmitting signals from a commercial 400 Gb/s 8-channel LAN-WDM transponder, operating within the IEEE standardized band, over 50 km of legacy G.652 fiber. We also demonstrated high power BDFA capable of delivering more than 700 mW of optical power without inducing measurable nonlinear distortion to intensity modulated signal propagating over a dispersive fiber waveguide.

Study on the temperature dependent characteristics of O-band bismuth-doped fiber amplifier

Y. Wang, N. K. Thipparapu, S. Wang, P. Barua, D. J. Richardson, and J. K. Sahu
Opt. Lett. 44(23) 5650-5653 (2019)

Experimental characterization of an o-band bismuth-doped fiber amplifier

Natsupa Taengnoi, Kyle R. H. Bottrill, Yang Hong, Yu Wang, Naresh K. Thipparapu, Jayanta K. Sahu, Periklis Petropoulos, and David J. Richardson
Opt. Express 29(10) 15345-15355 (2021)

Cladding pumped bismuth-doped fiber amplifiers operating in O-, E-, and S-telecom bands

Alexander Vakhrushev, Aleksandr Khegai, Sergey Alyshev, Konstantin Riumkin, Alexander Kharakhordin, Elena Firstova, Andrey Umnikov, Alexey Lobanov, Fedor Afanasiev, Aleksei Guryanov, Mikhail Melkumov, and Sergei Firstov
Opt. Lett. 48(6) 1339-1342 (2023)

30-GBaud DP 16-QAM transmission in the E-band enabled by bismuth-doped fiber amplifiers

Aleksandr Donodin, Mingming Tan, Pratim Hazarika, Vladislav Dvoyrin, Ian Phillips, Paul Harper, Sergei K. Turitsyn, and Wladek Forysiak
Opt. Lett. 47(19) 5152-5155 (2022)

40  dB gain all fiber bismuth-doped amplifier operating in the O-band

N. K. Thipparapu, Y. Wang, A. A. Umnikov, P. Barua, D. J. Richardson, and J. K. Sahu
Opt. Lett. 44(9) 2248-2251 (2019)