Abstract
A photonics-based scheme to measure microwave omnidirectional angle-of-arrival (AOA) is proposed. In the proposed system, an optical carrier is split into two branches. In one branch, the optical carrier is frequency-shifted by an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) and led to a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) which is modulated by an echo signal from an antenna. In the other branch, a polarization-division-multiplexed MZM (PDM-MZM) is used to imprint two different echo signals received by another two antennas placed above and to the right of the previous antenna, respectively. Then, an optical bandpass filter is connected after each modulator to select one of the 1st-order sidebands. The selected sidebands are sent to an optical ten-port receiver, which is consisted of a dual-polarization 90-degree optical hybrid and four balanced photodetectors (BPDs). After processing the low-frequency signals from the orthogonal outputs of the ten-port optical receiver, the azimuth and altitude AOA of the received RF signal could be simultaneously obtained. In a proof-of-concept experiment, the measurement error of the altitude AOA is less than ±1.63° within the angular range of −48.08°∼56.43°, and the measurement error of the azimuth AOA is smaller than ±3.09° when the angular range is from −68.35° to 64.65°.
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