Abstract
We have proposed the fabrication of small bend structures using trenches
along both sides of the core, filled with low-refractive index material, in
order to miniaturise silica planar lightwave circuits. The minimum bending
radius of a silica waveguide was reduced from 2 mm to 200 $\mu{\hbox{m}}$ by filling the trenches with low-refractive
index material. The local lateral relative refractive index difference ($\Delta$) was increased to 8.64%.
We fabricated cascade S-shaped waveguides to estimate a bend loss of the proposed
structure. Moreover, we applied those structures to arrayed-waveguide gratings
(AWG)s. Both 8-channel, 100-GHz channel-spacing and 8-channel, 12.5-GHz channel-spacing
AWGs were successfully fabricated. Compared with conventional AWGs, sizes
of these devices were reduced by factors of about 2 and 4, respectively.
© 2009 IEEE
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