Abstract
The divalent samarium ion has a 4<i>f</i><sup>6</sup> configuration. Its energy level diagram resembles that of its isoelectronic ion Eu<sup>3+</sup>. On the other hand, the lowest excited state of the 4<i>f</i><sup>5</sup>5<i>d</i><sup>1</sup> configuration with energy analogous to the lowest excited state of the 4<i>f</i><sup>6</sup> configuration, <sup>5</sup><i>D</i><sub>0</sub>, also exists. This factor alters the luminescence properties of the Sm<sup>2+</sup> ion in host crystals. Broad luminescence bands in the visible and/or the near-infrared regions should be observed for the transition from the 4<i>f</i><sup>5</sup>5<i>d</i><sup>1</sup> configuration to the ground state. It is well known that if the excited level <sup>5</sup><i>D</i><sub>0</sub> in the 4<i>f</i><sup>6</sup> configuration is lower in energy than the lowest level of the 4<i>f</i><sup>5</sup>5<i>d</i><sup>1</sup> configuration, then the sharp luminescence bands from the <i>f-f</i> transitions can be observed. As reported earlier from studies with alkaline-earth fluorides, the luminescence lines of Sm<sup>2+</sup> are very sensitive to the host crystal for the transition between the 4<i>f</i><sup>5</sup>5<i>d</i><sup>1</sup> and 4<i>f</i><sup>6</sup> configuration. Pressure effects on the different optical transitions of Sm<sup>2+</sup> -doped SrF<sub>2</sub> have also been studied recently, and it was reported that pressure has a larger effect on the transition between the 4<i>f</i><sup>5</sup>5<i>d</i><sup>1</sup> and 4<i>f</i><sup>6</sup> configurations than on those within the 4<i>f</i><sup>6</sup> configuration.
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