Laser cleaning of dirty grease on steel sluice cables

Guisheng Fang; Jianjun Pang; Daming Wu; Daming Wu; Yehang Pan; Yehang Pan; Wei Zhao

doi:10.1364/AO.522387

Applied Optics
Vol. 63,
Issue 14,
pp. 3900-3909
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.522387

Laser cleaning of dirty grease on steel sluice cables

Guisheng Fang, Jianjun Pang, Daming Wu, Yehang Pan, and Wei Zhao

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Guisheng Fang, Jianjun Pang, Daming Wu, Yehang Pan, and Wei Zhao, "Laser cleaning of dirty grease on steel sluice cables," Appl. Opt. 63, 3900-3909 (2024)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Lasers, Optical Amplifiers, and Laser Optics
Optics & Photonics Topics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: February 28, 2024
- Revised Manuscript: April 14, 2024
- Manuscript Accepted: April 14, 2024
- Published: May 6, 2024

Abstract

Steel cables used to raise sluices require a layer of corrosion-resistant grease, which must be periodically replaced. It is time-consuming and laborious, and conventional manual cleaning, mechanical cleaning, and chemical cleaning methods have many drawbacks. In this paper, a nanosecond pulsed fiber laser is used to clean hardened surface grease from such cables. An experimental system was designed to study the effects of parameters such as the laser power, scanning speed, cleaning frequency, and defocusing amount. Macroscopic and microstructural observations were conducted on the surfaces of steel cables before and after cleaning using cameras, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. With the optimal parameters, laser cleaning can effectively remove hardened grease from steel cable surfaces without damaging the galvanized layer and the steel wire matrix. Ablation, gasification, and evaporation are the main mechanisms by which grease and dirt are removed. This study lays a foundation for optimizing the laser cleaning of steel sluice cables at work sites.

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Element	Fe	Zn	C	Mn	O	S	Ca
Matrix	83.5	0	15.5	1.0	0	0	0
Galvanized layer	83.5–94.0	4.5–12.8	0.87–15.5	0.39–1.0	0	0	0
Surface grease	0	0	73.6	0	22.8	1.6	1.0

Characteristic	Symbol	Value	Units
Wavelength	$λ$	1064	nm
Nominal average power	P	100	W
Pulse frequency	f	1–4000	kHz
Scanning speed	$υ$	1–10000	mm/s
Pulse duration	$τ$	2–500	ns
Beam diameter	D	4	mm
Maximum pulse energy	Pe	1.5	mJ

Sample	Laser Power P (W)	Scanning Speed $υ (m m / s)$	Number of Scans N/Defocus Z (mm)
1–5	20, 40, 60, 80, 100	500	$N = 1$
6–10	100	2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, 10000	$N = 1$
11–15	80	2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, 10000	$N = 1$
16–31	80, 100	6000, 8000, 10000	$N = 3$ , 6, 8, 10
32–34	100	1000	$Z = 20$ , 30, 40

	Fe		C		O		Zn
Scanning Speed	100 W	80 W	100 W	80 W	100 W	80 W	100 W	80 W
$υ = 2000 m m / s$	65.7	68.0	31.6	26.4	1.7	4.0	0	0.7
$υ = 4000 m m / s$	68.8	64.8	24.4	28.8	4.9	2.6	0	2.9
$υ = 6000 m m / s$	71.3	51.9	24.3	26.1	2.2	10.9	1.2	6.4
$υ = 8000 m m / s$	77.3	62.9	10.3	28.3	5.9	5.5	4.7	2.2

Element	Fe		C		Zn
Power	100 W	80 W	100 W	80 W	100 W	80 W
$υ = 8000 m m / s$ , $N = 3$	73.3	50.5	24.4	44.5	0.4	0.5
$υ = 8000 m m / s$ , $N = 6$	50.0	91.7	37.5	8.3	6.2	0
$υ = 8000 m m / s$ , $N = 8$	79.2	84.7	20.1	14.5	0	0
$υ = 6000 m m / s$ , $N = 3$	–	88.9	–	10.2	–	0

Property	Symbol	Steel Wire	Zinc	Lubricant Oil	Units
Density	$ρ$	7860	7140	900	$K g / m^{3}$
Specific heat	$C$	434	0.39	2000	$J / (K g \cdot^{\circ} C)$
Thermal conductivity	$K$	52	116	0.15	$W / (m \cdot^{\circ} C)$
Melting point	$T_{m}$	1515	420	$\sim 300$	°C
Boiling point	$T_{b}$	2860	907	$\sim 350$	°C
Flash point	$T_{f}$	-	-	$\sim 400$	°C
Absorption coefficient	$α$	$\sim 0.1$	$\sim 0.1$	$\sim 0$	$m^{- 1}$

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Applied Optics