Analysis of the interaction-length dependence of frequency stability in an iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser

Shogo Matsunaga; Rei Kato; Mayuko Yoshiki; Daisuke Akamatsu; Feng-Lei Hong

doi:10.1364/AO.515683

Applied Optics
Vol. 63,
Issue 8,
pp. 2078-2085
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.515683

Analysis of the interaction-length dependence of frequency stability in an iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser

Shogo Matsunaga, Rei Kato, Mayuko Yoshiki, Daisuke Akamatsu, and Feng-Lei Hong

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Shogo Matsunaga, Rei Kato, Mayuko Yoshiki, Daisuke Akamatsu, and Feng-Lei Hong, "Analysis of the interaction-length dependence of frequency stability in an iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser," Appl. Opt. 63, 2078-2085 (2024)

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Abstract

We report a numerical simulation and an experimental study on the interaction-length dependence of frequency stability in an iodine-stabilized neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. A saturation spectroscopy model was used in the simulation to calculate the interaction-length dependence of the linewidth and signal-to-noise ratio of the iodine saturation spectrum. We determined that 2 m was the optimal interaction length for laser-frequency stabilization. We confirmed the simulation results by performing modulation transfer spectroscopy and laser-frequency stabilization using 45-cm- and 2-m-long iodine cells and multipass configurations. The results of this study are useful for designing compact and highly stable iodine-stabilized lasers.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Doppler width	$f_{D} (M H z)$	262
Natural linewidth^a	$γ_{0} (k H z)$	500
Pressure broadening coefficient	$k_{p} (k H z / P a)$	176
Absorption coefficient at Doppler center^a	$α (m^{- 1} {P a}^{- 1})$	0.28
Saturation intensity^a	$I_{s} (m W / {m m}^{2})$	$0.1 \times (1 + 0.15 \times p)^{2}$

Interaction Length	Cell Length and Pass #	Pump^a (mW)	Modulation Frequency (kHz)	Vapor Pressure (Pa)
45 cm	45 cm, 1 pass	2.5	410	1.44
90 cm	45 cm, 2pass	2.5	320	0.83
135 cm	45 cm, 3 pass	2.5	320	0.83
2 m	2 m, 1 pass	2.2	320	0.46
4 m	2 m, 2 pass	3.0	260	0.25
6 m	2 m, 3 pass	1.9	230	0.25

Doppler width	$f_{D} (M H z)$	262
Natural linewidth^a	$γ_{0} (k H z)$	500
Pressure broadening coefficient	$k_{p} (k H z / P a)$	176
Absorption coefficient at Doppler center^a	$α (m^{- 1} {P a}^{- 1})$	0.28
Saturation intensity^a	$I_{s} (m W / {m m}^{2})$	$0.1 \times (1 + 0.15 \times p)^{2}$

Interaction Length	Cell Length and Pass #	Pump^a (mW)	Modulation Frequency (kHz)	Vapor Pressure (Pa)
45 cm	45 cm, 1 pass	2.5	410	1.44
90 cm	45 cm, 2pass	2.5	320	0.83
135 cm	45 cm, 3 pass	2.5	320	0.83
2 m	2 m, 1 pass	2.2	320	0.46
4 m	2 m, 2 pass	3.0	260	0.25
6 m	2 m, 3 pass	1.9	230	0.25

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Applied Optics