Freeform three-mirror anastigmatic large-aperture telescope and
receiver optics for CMB-S4

Patricio A. Gallardo; Roberto Puddu; Kathleen Harrington; Kathleen Harrington; Bradford Benson; Bradford Benson; Bradford Benson; John E. Carlstrom; John E. Carlstrom; John E. Carlstrom; John E. Carlstrom; John E. Carlstrom; Simon R. Dicker; Nick Emerson; Jon E. Gudmundsson; Jon E. Gudmundsson; Michele Limon; Jeff McMahon; Jeff McMahon; Jeff McMahon; Jeff McMahon; Jeff McMahon; Johanna M. Nagy; Tyler Natoli; Tyler Natoli; Michael D. Niemack; Michael D. Niemack; Stephen Padin; John Ruhl; Sara M. Simon; The CMB-S4 Collaboration

doi:10.1364/AO.501744

Applied Optics
Vol. 63,
Issue 2,
pp. 310-321
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.501744

Freeform three-mirror anastigmatic large-aperture telescope and receiver optics for CMB-S4

Patricio A. Gallardo, Roberto Puddu, Kathleen Harrington, Bradford Benson, John E. Carlstrom, Simon R. Dicker, Nick Emerson, Jon E. Gudmundsson, Michele Limon, Jeff McMahon, Johanna M. Nagy, Tyler Natoli, Michael D. Niemack, Stephen Padin, John Ruhl, Sara M. Simon, and the CMB-S4 Collaboration

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Patricio A. Gallardo, Roberto Puddu, Kathleen Harrington, Bradford Benson, John E. Carlstrom, Simon R. Dicker, Nick Emerson, Jon E. Gudmundsson, Michele Limon, Jeff McMahon, Johanna M. Nagy, Tyler Natoli, Michael D. Niemack, Stephen Padin, John Ruhl, Sara M. Simon, and The CMB-S4 Collaboration , "Freeform three-mirror anastigmatic large-aperture telescope and receiver optics for CMB-S4," Appl. Opt. 63, 310-321 (2024)

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Abstract

CMB-S4, the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) observatory, will provide detailed maps of the CMB at millimeter wavelengths to dramatically advance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. CMB-S4 will deploy large- and small-aperture telescopes with hundreds of thousands of detectors to observe the CMB at arcminute and degree resolutions at millimeter wavelengths. Inflationary science benefits from a deep delensing survey at arcminute resolutions capable of observing a large field of view at millimeter wavelengths. This kind of survey acts as a complement to a degree angular resolution survey. The delensing survey requires a nearly uniform distribution of cameras per frequency band across the focal plane. We present a large-throughput (9.4° field of view), large-aperture (5-m diameter) freeform three-mirror anastigmatic telescope and an array of 85 cameras for CMB observations at arcminute resolutions, which meets the needs of the delensing survey of CMB-S4. A detailed prescription of this three-mirror telescope and cameras is provided, with a series of numerical calculations that indicates expected optical performance and mechanical tolerance.

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Data availability

The optical design presented here can be reproduced using the tables in this document.

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	$A_{0, 1}$	$A_{2, 0}$	$A_{0, 2}$	$A_{2, 1}$	$A_{0, 3}$	$A_{4, 0}$	$A_{2, 2}$	$A_{0, 4}$	$A_{4, 1}$	$A_{2, 3}$	$A_{0, 5}$
M1	−4.9656	−140.8171	−116.1019	5.6312	4.1057	0.2358	0.0935	−0.1069	—	—	—
M2	−17.6056	−403.0607	−230.5055	61.6645	25.4229	11.6971	−2.4272	−3.5109	—	—	—
M3	−22.1905	−330.6599	−280.4026	28.1685	17.4860	−2.1208	−10.8356	−5.7779	0.8436	1.9139	0.6830

Surface	Y [mm]	Z [mm]	$α$ [deg]
M1	0.0	0.0	155.40
M2	5615.0	4898.0	171.16
M3	8367.0	445.0	−170.88
FP	9575.8	5024.4	168.93

Parameter	Tol.	Tol. MC	Tol. Ref.	Tol. Ref. MC
Mirror dist. [mm]	5	2	14	6
Decenter [mm]	5	2	5	2
Tilt [deg]	0.09	0.03	0.09	0.03

Deformation	Min Strehl [-]	Max Strehl [-]	Defocus [mm]
Nominal	0.96	0.99	0
Thermal	0.96	0.99	−9.69
Gravity	0.94	0.99	−1.36
Thermal $+$ Grav.	0.92	0.99	−10.24

$R_{1}$	$R_{2}$	$R_{3}$	$k_{1}$	$k_{2}$	$k_{3}$	$t h_{1}$	$t h_{2}$	$t h_{3}$	$t h_{4}$
−432.8	467.4	−899.4	−9.9	−7.9	−10.7	120.0	143.4	67.3	236.4
−422.9	458.3	−923.6	−10.3	−8.0	−9.9	120.6	139.3	66.4	246.0

Tolerance Type	Single Par.	Joint MC
Distance [mm]	5	1.5
Decenter [mm]	6	3.5
Tilt [deg]	4	1.5

Tolerance Type	Single Par.	Joint MC
Distance [mm]	5	1.5
Decenter [mm]	6	3.5
Tilt [deg]	4	1.5

Abstract

Data availability

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Tables (6)

Equations (4)

Applied Optics