Switchable metasurface for high-efficiency absorption and broadband polarization conversion based on vanadium dioxide in the terahertz frequency

Shenglin Xie; Shenglin Xie; Hailiang Zhu; Yuxin Zhou; Miao Yu; Jinchao Mou; Lin Liu; Yujie Di; Gengchen Wang

doi:10.1364/AO.497893

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 26,
pp. 6864-6870
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.497893

Switchable metasurface for high-efficiency absorption and broadband polarization conversion based on vanadium dioxide in the terahertz frequency

Shenglin Xie, Hailiang Zhu, Yuxin Zhou, Miao Yu, Jinchao Mou, Lin Liu, Yujie Di, and Gengchen Wang

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Shenglin Xie, Hailiang Zhu, Yuxin Zhou, Miao Yu, Jinchao Mou, Lin Liu, Yujie Di, and Gengchen Wang, "Switchable metasurface for high-efficiency absorption and broadband polarization conversion based on vanadium dioxide in the terahertz frequency," Appl. Opt. 62, 6864-6870 (2023)

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Table of Contents Category
- Optical Devices, Sensors, and Detectors
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: June 14, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: July 30, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: August 14, 2023
- Published: September 5, 2023

Abstract

High-performance devices with superior execution will facilitate the practical application of terahertz (THz) technology and foster THz innovation. In this paper, taking advantage of the phase transition characteristics of vanadium dioxide (${{\rm VO}_2}$), a reconfigurable metasurface with absorption and polarization conversion capacities is proposed. The metallic condition of ${{\rm VO}_2}$ results in the formation of a wideband absorber. It provides more than 90% absorption over a broad spectral range from 3.32 to 5.30 THz. Due to the regularity of the meta-atom, the absorber is not polarization-delicate and keeps a high retention rate in the scope of incoming angles from 0° to 45°. When ${{\rm VO}_2}$ is in the insulating condition, the calculated outcomes demonstrate that the cross-polarization conversion rate can reach more than 90% in the range of 2.29–7.85 THz when $x$-polarized or $y$-polarized waves are incident vertically. The proposed metasurface is likely to be used in the fields of emitters, sensors, imaging systems, and wireless communication.

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Name	Value	Name	Value
$P$	15 µm	$t$	0.2 µm
$h_{1}$	7 µm	$h_{2}$	4.5 µm
$r_{1}$	5 µm	$r_{2}$	4.5 µm
$W$	2.5 µm	$e$	2 µm
$A$	4 µm	$b$	1 µm
dis	2 µm	$θ$	4°
$t_{1}$	0.7 µm	$θ_{1}$	98°
$θ_{2}$	0°–89°	$θ_{3}$	0°–89°

		Absorber			Polarization Converter
Reference	Active Material	Operating Frequency (THz)	Bandwidth (THz)	Absorption	Operating Frequency (THz)	Bandwidth (THz)	PCR
[29]	${V O}_{2}$	2.17–4.94	2.77	90%	0.1–3.5/3.5–6	3.4/2.5	90%
[30]	Dirac semi-metal and ${V O}_{2}$	4.094/4.894	–	99%	1.82–2.88	1.06	95%
[31]	${V O}_{2}$	1.03–2.62	1.59	90%	1.81–2.39	0.58	90%
[38]	Si	3.24	–	94.2%	2.01–2.56	0.55	90%
[39]	Graphene	3.55/4.98	–	97.1%/99.9%	3.98–6.11	2.13	96.1%
[40]	${V O}_{2}$	2.51	–	99%	2–3	1	90%
[41]	${V O}_{2}$	2.63–5.27	2.64	90%	2.71–5.18	2.47	90%
[42]	${V O}_{2}$	0.52–1.2	0.68	90%	0.42–1.04	0.62	90%
This work	${V O}_{2}$	3.32–5.30	1.98	90%	2.29–7.85	5.21	90%

Name	Value	Name	Value
$P$	15 µm	$t$	0.2 µm
$h_{1}$	7 µm	$h_{2}$	4.5 µm
$r_{1}$	5 µm	$r_{2}$	4.5 µm
$W$	2.5 µm	$e$	2 µm
$A$	4 µm	$b$	1 µm
dis	2 µm	$θ$	4°
$t_{1}$	0.7 µm	$θ_{1}$	98°
$θ_{2}$	0°–89°	$θ_{3}$	0°–89°

		Absorber			Polarization Converter
Reference	Active Material	Operating Frequency (THz)	Bandwidth (THz)	Absorption	Operating Frequency (THz)	Bandwidth (THz)	PCR
[29]	${V O}_{2}$	2.17–4.94	2.77	90%	0.1–3.5/3.5–6	3.4/2.5	90%
[30]	Dirac semi-metal and ${V O}_{2}$	4.094/4.894	–	99%	1.82–2.88	1.06	95%
[31]	${V O}_{2}$	1.03–2.62	1.59	90%	1.81–2.39	0.58	90%
[38]	Si	3.24	–	94.2%	2.01–2.56	0.55	90%
[39]	Graphene	3.55/4.98	–	97.1%/99.9%	3.98–6.11	2.13	96.1%
[40]	${V O}_{2}$	2.51	–	99%	2–3	1	90%
[41]	${V O}_{2}$	2.63–5.27	2.64	90%	2.71–5.18	2.47	90%
[42]	${V O}_{2}$	0.52–1.2	0.68	90%	0.42–1.04	0.62	90%
This work	${V O}_{2}$	3.32–5.30	1.98	90%	2.29–7.85	5.21	90%

Abstract

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Equations (6)

Applied Optics