Nanoscale plasmonic logic gates design by using an elliptical resonator

Mohammed J. Alali; Mithaq Nama Raheema; Ali A. Alwahib

doi:10.1364/AO.492171

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 15,
pp. 4080-4089
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.492171

Nanoscale plasmonic logic gates design by using an elliptical resonator

Mohammed J. Alali, Mithaq Nama Raheema, and Ali A. Alwahib

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Mohammed J. Alali, Mithaq Nama Raheema, and Ali A. Alwahib, "Nanoscale plasmonic logic gates design by using an elliptical resonator," Appl. Opt. 62, 4080-4089 (2023)

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Abstract

This study implemented AND, NAND, OR, XOR, NOR, XNOR, and NOT plasmonic logic gates using the finite element method. The all-optical nanoscale logic gates were designed using a single structure based on the technology of insulator-metal-insulator nanoscale plasmonic waveguides. The phase of optical waves and the position of the control and input ports are the most important factors for attaining the optimal transmission value based on interference between the input and control ports. The transmission threshold is 35%, and 850 nm is the operating wavelength. This design creates nanoscale logic gates with a structure dimension of ${{250}}\;{\rm{nm}} \times {{250}}\;{\rm{nm}}$. The transmission threshold, modulation depth, contrast ratio, and insertion loss criteria were proposed to evaluate the efficacy of the all-optical gates.

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Data availability

The datasets and curves generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Inputs	Input Port 3	Control Port 1	Control Port 2	T	Output
Logic 0	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	ON (0°)	1.509/0.35	Logic 1
Logic 1	ON (90°)	ON (0°)	ON (180°)	0.054/0.35	Logic 0

Output Power (µW)
$P_{Min}$ \|ON	$P_{Max}$ \|OFF	CR	MD	IL
1.509	0.054	14.46 dB	96.42 %	1.78 dB

Inputs		Input Port 1	Input Port 2	Control Port 3	T	Output
0	0	OFF (0°)	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	0.054/0.35	0
0	1	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	ON (0°)	0.718/0.35	1
1	0	ON (0°)	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	0.717/0.35	1
1	1	ON (0°)	ON (0°)	ON (0°)	2.136/0.35	1

Output Power (µW)
$P_{Min}$ \|ON	$P_{Max}$ \|OFF	CR	MD	IL
0.717	0.054	11.23 dB	97.47 %	$- 1.44 d B$

Inputs		Input Port 1	Input Port 2	Control Port 3	T	Output
0	0	OFF (0°)	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	0.054/0.35	0
0	1	OFF (0°)	ON (180°)	ON (0°)	0.146/0.35	0
1	0	ON (180°)	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	0.145/0.35	0
1	1	ON (0°)	ON (0°)	ON (0°)	2.136/0.35	1

Output Power (µW)
$P_{Min}$ \|ON	$P_{Max}$ \|OFF	CR	MD	IL
2.136	0.146	11.65 dB	97.47 %	3.29 dB

Output Power (µW)
$P_{Min}$ \|ON	$P_{Max}$ \|OFF	CR	MD	IL
0.377	0.054	8.43 dB	96.42 %	$- 4.23 d B$

Criteria	Software	Structure	Gates number	Suggested logic gates	Dimension	Wavelength	Dielectric	Noble material	Permittivity of the silver	Performance	$T_{threshold}$
This Work	FEM	Elliptical resonator & plasmonic waveguides	7 gates	OR, XOR, NOT, AND, NAND, NOR, and XNOR	$250 \times 250 nm$	850 nm	$S i O_{2}$	Silver	Johnson and Christy data	T, CR, MD, and IL	35%
[2]	FEM	Circular resonator & plasmonic waveguides	7 gates	OR, NOR, NOT, AND, NAND, XOR, and XNOR	$400 \times 400 n m$	1550 nm	Teflon	Silver	Johnson and Christy data	T and CR	25%
[11]	FEM	Circular resonator & plasmonic waveguides	5 gates	NOT, AND, NAND, NOR, and EX-NOR	$400 \times 400 n m$	1550 nm	–	Silver	Johnson and Christy data	T and CR	26%
[24]	FEM	Circular resonator & plasmonic waveguides	5 gates	OR, NOR, AND, NAND, and NOT	$200 \times 400 n m$	1550 nm	Silica	Silver	–	T and CR	30%
[7]	FEM	Circular resonator & plasmonic waveguides	4 gates	Wire, NOT, swap, and Feynman	$300 \times 460 n m$	1550 nm	$S i O_{2}$	Silver	–	T and CR	40%
[10]	–	Circular resonator & plasmonic waveguides	7 gates	OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, XOR, and XNOR	$350 \times 350 n m$	1550 nm	Sapphire	Silver	–	T and CR	50%
[25]	–	Circular resonator & plasmonic waveguides	7 gates	NOT, OR, AND, NOT, NAND, XOR, and XNOR	$400 \times 380 n m$	900 nm and 1330 nm	Teflon	silver	Johnson and Christy data	T and CR	–

Abstract

Data availability

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Equations (8)

Applied Optics