Optimization method for low-loss single-mode bending negative curvature anti-resonant hollow-core fiber designed by mode modification

Junyi He; Ping Jiang; Weinan Caiyang; Yan Qin; Miaofang Zhou; Jingxin Deng; Jing Yang; Lizhong Hu; Huajun Yang

doi:10.1364/AO.476553

Applied Optics
Vol. 61,
Issue 36,
pp. 10778-10787
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.476553

Optimization method for low-loss single-mode bending negative curvature anti-resonant hollow-core fiber designed by mode modification

Junyi He, Ping Jiang, Weinan Caiyang, Yan Qin, Miaofang Zhou, Jingxin Deng, Jing Yang, Lizhong Hu, and Huajun Yang

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Junyi He, Ping Jiang, Weinan Caiyang, Yan Qin, Miaofang Zhou, Jingxin Deng, Jing Yang, Lizhong Hu, and Huajun Yang, "Optimization method for low-loss single-mode bending negative curvature anti-resonant hollow-core fiber designed by mode modification," Appl. Opt. 61, 10778-10787 (2022)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: September 26, 2022
- Revised Manuscript: November 23, 2022
- Manuscript Accepted: November 23, 2022
- Published: December 14, 2022

Abstract

A method of designing negative curvature anti-resonant hollow-core fibers (NC-AR-HCFs) with bending resistance is proposed, by which the fundamental mode (FM) and higher-order mode (HOM) can be adjusted. An asymmetric double-ring negative curvature hollow-core fiber (ADR-NC-HCF) is proposed to verify the method. The ADR-NC-HCF achieves the FM loss of 0.8 dB/km at 1550 nm under the bending radius of 20 mm. The coupling relation between the modes in ADR-NC-HCFs is analyzed revealing the physical principle of the design method. Based on the principle, the fiber can be directionally optimized to achieve a lower loss of the FM or higher-order mode extinction ratio.

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Inner tube diameter ( $d$ )	$d_{0}$	$d_{1}$	$d_{2}$	$d_{3}$
Value (µm)	18.6	20.2	23.6	23.2
Inner tube rotate angle ( $φ$ )	$φ_{0}$	$φ_{1}$	$φ_{2}$	$φ_{3}$
Value (°)	0	39	89	141

Reference Years	Diameter of Core	Types	Bending-Induced Loss	HOMERs	Number of Rings
2016 [27]	30 µm	NC-AR-HCFs	$> 1000 d B / k m$	$< 1$	8
2020 [20]	40 µm	NC-DR-HCFs	400–600 dB/km	150–200	6
This work	40 µm	ADR-NC-HCFs	8–13 dB/km	2500	7
Optimization I	40 µm	ADR-NC- HCFs (with nested rings)	3–7 dB/km	6500	7
Optimization II	40 µm	ADR-NC-HCFs (with extra $g$ -type)	7–10 dB/km	12000	6

Reference years	Diameter of Core	Types	Bending Radius	Bending-Induced Loss	HOMERs	Number of Rings
2019 [11]	30.5 µm	rod-type NC-AR-HCFs	20 mm	4–6 dB/km	$< 10$	6
2022 [28]	30 µm	bar-type NC-AR-HCFs	50 mm	0.6–0.8 dB/km	$< 100$	6
Example of this work	40 µm	rod-type ADR-NC-HCFs	20 mm	1.1 dB/km	14540	6
Example of this work	40 µm	bar-type ADR-NC-HCFs	20 mm	0.8 dB/km	21690	6

Inner tube diameter ( $d$ )	$d_{0}$	$d_{1}$	$d_{2}$	$d_{3}$
Value (µm)	18.6	20.2	23.6	23.2
Inner tube rotate angle ( $φ$ )	$φ_{0}$	$φ_{1}$	$φ_{2}$	$φ_{3}$
Value (°)	0	39	89	141

Reference Years	Diameter of Core	Types	Bending-Induced Loss	HOMERs	Number of Rings
2016 [27]	30 µm	NC-AR-HCFs	$> 1000 d B / k m$	$< 1$	8
2020 [20]	40 µm	NC-DR-HCFs	400–600 dB/km	150–200	6
This work	40 µm	ADR-NC-HCFs	8–13 dB/km	2500	7
Optimization I	40 µm	ADR-NC- HCFs (with nested rings)	3–7 dB/km	6500	7
Optimization II	40 µm	ADR-NC-HCFs (with extra $g$ -type)	7–10 dB/km	12000	6

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