Generation of a uniform-square focal spot by a compound lens for solar concentration applications

Shih-Hsin Ma; Chun-Ming Tseng; Yun-Parn Lee

doi:10.1364/AO.52.003058

Generation of a uniform-square focal spot by a compound lens for solar concentration applications

Shih-Hsin Ma, Chun-Ming Tseng, and Yun-Parn Lee

Applied Optics
Vol. 52,
Issue 13,
pp. 3058-3065
(2013)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.003058

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Shih-Hsin Ma, Chun-Ming Tseng, and Yun-Parn Lee, "Generation of a uniform-square focal spot by a compound lens for solar concentration applications," Appl. Opt. 52, 3058-3065 (2013)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Optical Design and Fabrication
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Nonimaging optics (080.4298)
- Nonimaging optics (220.4298)
- Concentrators (220.1770)
- Geometric optical design (220.2740)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: January 3, 2013
- Revised Manuscript: April 3, 2013
- Manuscript Accepted: April 3, 2013
- Published: April 26, 2013

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Abstract

This paper describes a compound lens for solar photovoltaic system applications, which is composed of a front aspheric or Fresnel surface and a back array of concave surfaces. In contrast to earlier designs, the proposed method can simultaneously focus and shape sun light into a uniform-square pattern on the solar cell. For a square solar cell, this approach can maximize the solar cell’s opto-electric conversion efficiency by enhancing the concentrated pattern’s uniformity. In this article, the theoretical models of the beam shaping focused lens is derived and then compared with experimental data. The tolerance in assembling the component of the concentrator is also analyzed and the corresponding simulation and experimental results are discussed in detail.

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Symbol	Description	Value (unit)
$n$	Refractive index of material	1.58
$R$	Curvature radius of the front surface	3.11 cm
$t$	Thickness of the lens	2 cm
BFL	Back focal length before adding the periodic concave surfaces	4 cm
$D$	Diameter of BSFL	6 cm
$d$	Pitch of a concave surface	0.6 cm
$r$	Curvature radius of the back periodic concave surface	7 cm
$N$	Number of the array of concave surfaces	$10 \times 10$

Types	BSFL (Simulation)	BSFL (Measurement)	F-BSFL (Simulation)	F-BSFL (Measurement)
Minimum normalized irradiance	21%	N/A	30%	N/A
Chip size ( ${mm}^{2}$ )	$3.0 \times 3.0$	$3.0 \times 3.0$	$3.0 \times 3.0$	$3.0 \times 3.0$
TE	91%	76%	92%	82%
CE	84%	46%	69%	53%
CR	$314 \times$	$314 \times$	$400 \times$	$400 \times$
U (%)	22.55	N/A	57.69	N/A

Symbol	Tolerance	HWHM Values of Simulation Results (BSFL)	HWHM Values of Experimental Results (BSFL)	HWHM Values Simulation Results (F-BSFL)	HWHM Values Experimental Results (F-BSFL)
AS	Angular sensitivity of the CPV system with different incident light angle	$\pm 1.75 °$	$\pm 1.3 °$	$\pm 1.6 °$	$\pm 1.45 °$
ATMX	Assembling tolerance of CPV system by moving the solar cell along the x axis	$\pm 1.5 mm$	$\pm 1.25 mm$	$\pm 1.55 mm$	$\pm 1.1 mm$
ATMZ	Assembling tolerance of CPV system by moving the solar cell along the z axis	$+ 4 mm$ to $- 3.5 mm$	$+ 6 mm$ to $- 5 mm$	$+ 4.5 mm$ to $- 5 mm$	$+ 7 mm$ to $- 6.5 mm$
ATRSY	Angular tolerance by rotating the solar cell around the $y$ axis	$\pm 66 °$	$\pm 53 °$	$\pm 62 °$	$\pm 50 °$
ATRBY	Assembling tolerance of BSFL rotating around the y axis	$\pm 7.5 °$	$\pm 7.5 °$	$\pm 15 °$	$\pm 18 °$

Symbol	Description	Value (unit)
$n$	Refractive index of material	1.58
$R$	Curvature radius of the front surface	3.11 cm
$t$	Thickness of the lens	2 cm
BFL	Back focal length before adding the periodic concave surfaces	4 cm
$D$	Diameter of BSFL	6 cm
$d$	Pitch of a concave surface	0.6 cm
$r$	Curvature radius of the back periodic concave surface	7 cm
$N$	Number of the array of concave surfaces	$10 \times 10$

Types	BSFL (Simulation)	BSFL (Measurement)	F-BSFL (Simulation)	F-BSFL (Measurement)
Minimum normalized irradiance	21%	N/A	30%	N/A
Chip size ( ${mm}^{2}$ )	$3.0 \times 3.0$	$3.0 \times 3.0$	$3.0 \times 3.0$	$3.0 \times 3.0$
TE	91%	76%	92%	82%
CE	84%	46%	69%	53%
CR	$314 \times$	$314 \times$	$400 \times$	$400 \times$
U (%)	22.55	N/A	57.69	N/A

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