The Influence of Defocus-Induced Myopia and Hyperopia on Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Amacrine Cells in Chick Retina

S.T. Wong; A.J. Bakelaar; A.K. Ball; M.G. Callender; J.G. Sivak

doi:10.1364/VSIA.1997.SaD.2

Vision Science and its Applications
Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1997),
paper SaD.2
•https://doi.org/10.1364/VSIA.1997.SaD.2

The Influence of Defocus-Induced Myopia and Hyperopia on Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Amacrine Cells in Chick Retina

S.T. Wong, A.J. Bakelaar, A.K. Ball, M.G. Callender, and J.G. Sivak

Vision Science and its Applications 1997

Santa Fe, New Mexico United States
31 January–3 February 1997
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Animal Models or Ametropia (SaD)

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S. T. Wong, A. J. Bakelaar, A. K. Ball, M. G. Callender, and J. G. Sivak, "The Influence of Defocus-Induced Myopia and Hyperopia on Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Amacrine Cells in Chick Retina," in Vision Science and its Applications, Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1997), paper SaD.2.

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Abstract

It has been two decades since refractive errors were first induced in monkeys using lid-suture techniques¹. Experimental myopia has been produced subsequently in various animal species including tree shrews², kittens³, and birds⁴. The domestic chicken is used extensively in myopia and hyperopia research since these animals develop rapidly and display extremely high visual capabilities. Myopia can be artificially induced in young chicks using a variety of techniques including lid-suture⁵, intra-ocular injections⁶, translucent occluders⁷, and concave lenses⁸. Hyperopia can be produced by rearing animals in complete darkness⁹ or by the application of convex lenses⁸,¹⁰.

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