Abstract

Electrochemistry provides a convenient means of reversibly doping conjugated polymers n-type (electron carriers) or p-type (hole carriers). When such charge carriers are introduced by electrochemical doping, they are compensated by counter-ions from the electrolyte. At high doping levels, the material becomes metallic, leading to low resistance contacts and easy charge injection (both n-type and p-type, respectively).^1-5

© 1995 Optical Society of America