Abstract

Electro-optic (EO) modulators are widely used in long-haul optical fiber communication systems and microwave photonic systems owing to the excellent modulation characteristic of high speed, broad bandwidth, high stability, and good reliability. Especially, LiNbO₃/LiTaO₃ modulators enables us to control the amplitude and phase of a lightwave precisely at high-speed since unwanted frequency chirping is extremely small. Now, LiNbO3 vector modulators using a double Mach-Zehnder waveguide are prerequisite for advanced high-density data transmission.

© 2013 Japan Society of Applied Physics, Optical Society of America