Abstract

In recent decades, laser-matter interactions in ultrafast laser ablation have been extensively studied. Numerous simulations exist today that combine two-temperature modeling with subsequent lattice response, including phase transitions. These simulations primarily provide a qualitative understanding of laser ablation with single pulses, while the precise quantitative prediction of final state and time-resolved observables remains challenging. Moreover, the majority of experimental approaches to study laser ablation are performed with multiple pulses, making it difficult to experimentally validate single-pulse simulations.

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