Abstract

The three-dimensional (3D) vectorial nature of electromagnetic waves of light has played a fundamental role in both optical physics and disruptive applications such as optical display [1], microscopy [2], and manipulation [3]. In addition to the amplitude and phase degrees of freedom, electromagnetic waves of light are vectorial in nature, with their electric and magnetic fields oscillating in the most general 3D space. However, conventional optical holography can address only the amplitude and phase information of an optical beam, leaving the 3D vectorial feature of light completely inaccessible.

© 2019 IEEE