Abstract
The generation of high-frequency luminescence from lower-frequency pump light has been known for a long time and has recently been used to produce upconversion laser radiation in a variety of rare earth-doped crystalline solids (e.g., YLiF4:Er3+, YLiF4:Tm3+, LaF3:Nd3+, BaY2F8:Er3+) and fluorozirconate glass fibers (e.g., ZBLAN doped with Tm3+, Pr3+, Ho3+). Rare earth ions are well suited to this because they have a number of meta-stable levels with lifetimes of the order of milliseconds, which can be used to efficiently populate higher lying levels following excitation in the infrared or near infrared spectral regions with cw pump sources.
© 1992 Optical Society of America
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