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Tiny velocity measurement using rotating petal-like mode of orbital angular momentum

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Abstract

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, tiny velocity measurement system is proposed and demonstrated. This proposed system employs an interference structure in which the reference and measurement paths are filled by two light beams carrying opposite-sign orbital angular momentum (OAM), respectively. The tiny velocity to be measured in the measurement path causes the change of the light path and results in a time-varying phase shift between the reference and measurement paths. This time-varying phase shift leads to the rotation of the petal-like light spot obtained by the interference between two paths. The rotating angular velocity of the petal-like light spot is proportional to the time-varying phase shift caused by the tiny velocity, and it is measured by a chopper and a single-point detector instead of array detectors. This proposed system has a simple structure and achieves a high-accuracy tiny velocity measurement with a measurement error rate that is less than 10 nm/s.

© 2021 Optical Society of America

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Data Availability

Data underlying the results presented in this Letter are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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