8.75 Gbps visible light communication link using an artificial neural network equalizer and a single-pixel blue micro-LED

Zixian Wei; Zhongxu Liu; Xin Liu; Lei Wang; Lai Wang; Lai Wang; Changyuan Yu; H. Y. Fu; H. Y. Fu

doi:10.1364/OL.437632

Optics Letters
Vol. 46,
Issue 18,
pp. 4670-4673
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.437632

8.75 Gbps visible light communication link using an artificial neural network equalizer and a single-pixel blue micro-LED

Zixian Wei, Zhongxu Liu, Xin Liu, Lei Wang, Lai Wang, Changyuan Yu, and H. Y. Fu

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Zixian Wei, Zhongxu Liu, Xin Liu, Lei Wang, Lai Wang, Changyuan Yu, and H. Y. Fu, "8.75 Gbps visible light communication link using an artificial neural network equalizer and a single-pixel blue micro-LED," Opt. Lett. 46, 4670-4673 (2021)

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- Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: July 14, 2021
- Revised Manuscript: August 16, 2021
- Manuscript Accepted: August 17, 2021
- Published: September 15, 2021

Abstract

Visible light communication (VLC) beyond 10 Gbps is an important characteristic that can support the future 6 G high-capacity requirements. On the one hand, in order to break the electro-optics (E-O) bandwidth limitation of the light-emitting diodes (LEDs), we fabricated two high-bandwidth (${\gt} {\rm gigahertz}$) single wetting layer micro-LEDs with 50 and 75 µm active regions. On the other hand, for mitigating the nonlinear effects of the VLC system, an artificial neural network equalizer is designed and implemented in offline digital signal processing. Both efforts lead to a breakthrough of data rates at a single VLC link. Using quadrature phase shift keying orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, the data rate of a 1.025 GHz VLC link based on a 75 µm micro-LED can reach 8.75 Gbps with a bit-error-ratio (BER) of $2.73 \times {10^{- 3}}$. In addition, the E-O characteristics and communication performances of micro-LED with two diameters are compared and discussed. To the best of our knowledge, the data rate of 8.75 Gbps is the highest record of the VLC link based on a single-pixel blue micro-LED with a BER within the forward error correction citation of $3.8 \times {10^{- 3}}$.

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Data underlying the results presented in this Letter are not publicly available at this time, but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Year	Group	LEDs	Power (mW)	BW (MHz)	Data Rate (Gbps)	BER	Distance (m)
2014	Tsonev et al. [5]	Blue µLED	4.5	60	3	$2 \times 10^{- 3}$	0.05
2015	McKendry et al. [6]	Violet µLED	2.5	130	3.32	$2.1 \times 10^{- 3}$	/
2016	Ferreira et al. [7]	Blue µLED	5.7	800	5	$< F E C$	0.75
2017	Islim et al. [8]	Violet µLED	$\sim 0.32$	655	7.91	$< F E C$	0.26
2018	Chen et al. [9]	Green µLED	5.57	340	2.16	/	/
2020	Wei et al. [10]	Blue µLED	0.9	1000	2	$2.03 \times 10^{- 3}$	3
2021	Wei et al. [11]	Blue µLED	0.36	811	2.73	$2.03 \times 10^{- 3}$	2.2
2021	Liu et al. [12]	Blue mini-LED	0.94	859	7	$3.75 \times 10^{- 3}$	2
2021	Wang et al. [13]	Blue µLED	$\sim 0.9$	1300	4	$3.2 \times 10^{- 3}$	3
2021	This Letter	75 µm Blue µLED	$\sim {0.9}$	1025	8.75	${2.73} \times {10}^{{- 3}}$	$\sim {0.08}$

Current Density ( $A / {c m}^{2}$ )	Highest Data Rate (Gbps)	Optical Power (uW)	BER
245	7	142	$2.75 \times 10^{- 3}$
392	8.75	195	$2.73 \times 10^{- 3}$
584	8.75	251	$3.67 \times 10^{- 3}$

Year	Group	LEDs	Power (mW)	BW (MHz)	Data Rate (Gbps)	BER	Distance (m)
2014	Tsonev et al. [5]	Blue µLED	4.5	60	3	$2 \times 10^{- 3}$	0.05
2015	McKendry et al. [6]	Violet µLED	2.5	130	3.32	$2.1 \times 10^{- 3}$	/
2016	Ferreira et al. [7]	Blue µLED	5.7	800	5	$< F E C$	0.75
2017	Islim et al. [8]	Violet µLED	$\sim 0.32$	655	7.91	$< F E C$	0.26
2018	Chen et al. [9]	Green µLED	5.57	340	2.16	/	/
2020	Wei et al. [10]	Blue µLED	0.9	1000	2	$2.03 \times 10^{- 3}$	3
2021	Wei et al. [11]	Blue µLED	0.36	811	2.73	$2.03 \times 10^{- 3}$	2.2
2021	Liu et al. [12]	Blue mini-LED	0.94	859	7	$3.75 \times 10^{- 3}$	2
2021	Wang et al. [13]	Blue µLED	$\sim 0.9$	1300	4	$3.2 \times 10^{- 3}$	3
2021	This Letter	75 µm Blue µLED	$\sim {0.9}$	1025	8.75	${2.73} \times {10}^{{- 3}}$	$\sim {0.08}$

Current Density ( $A / {c m}^{2}$ )	Highest Data Rate (Gbps)	Optical Power (uW)	BER
245	7	142	$2.75 \times 10^{- 3}$
392	8.75	195	$2.73 \times 10^{- 3}$
584	8.75	251	$3.67 \times 10^{- 3}$

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Optics Letters