Design of PANDA-type elliptical-core multimode fiber supporting 24 fully lifted eigenmodes

Shi Chen; Jian Wang

doi:10.1364/OL.43.003718

Optics Letters
Vol. 43,
Issue 15,
pp. 3718-3721
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.43.003718

Design of PANDA-type elliptical-core multimode fiber supporting 24 fully lifted eigenmodes

Shi Chen and Jian Wang

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Shi Chen and Jian Wang, "Design of PANDA-type elliptical-core multimode fiber supporting 24 fully lifted eigenmodes," Opt. Lett. 43, 3718-3721 (2018)

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Abstract

We present a novel PANDA-type elliptical-core multimode fiber featured by the combination of an elliptical core and two symmetrical circular stress-applying parts (SAPs). The characterization results indicate that such a special fiber design is able to support 24 fully separated eigenmodes with minimum effective index difference ( $\min (Δ n_{eff})$ ) between adjacent modes larger than $1.35 \times 10^{- 4}$ over the whole $C$ band. Specifically, the fiber geometric dimensions and doping concentrations are deviation tolerant and reasonable within the existing fiber manufacture facility restriction, thus would be promising for practical fabrication. The fiber bending effects are also investigated based on conformal mapping. Moreover, ultra-broadband performance is analyzed over the whole $C + L$ band ranging from 1530 nm to 1625 nm. The designed fiber is targeted at applications in direct fiber vector eigenmode-division multiplexing combined with the mature wavelength-division multiplexing technique while eliminating the complex multiple-input multiple-output digital signal processing.

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	${SiO}_{2}$	${GeO}_{2}$	$B_{2} O_{3}$
Thermal expansion coefficient $α$ (1/K)	$5.4 \times 10^{- 7}$	$7 \times 10^{- 6}$	$10 \times 10^{- 6}$
Young’s modulus $E$ (Pa)	$78 \times 10^{9}$
Poisson’s ratio	0.186
First stress optical coefficient $B 1$ ( $m^{2} / N$ )	$0.7572448 \times 10^{- 12}$
Second stress optical coefficient $B 2$ ( $m^{2} / N$ )	$4.18775 \times 10^{- 12}$
Operating temperature (°C)	20
Reference temperature (°C)	1000

Mode	$n_{eff}$	$Δ n_{eff}$	$D_{λ}$ (ps/nm/km)	DGD (ps/km)
${EM}_{1}$	1.469347	$2.77 e - 4$	21.32	0
${EM}_{2}$	1.469070	$3.45 e - 3$	21.28	−966.67
${EM}_{3}$	1.465620	$2.82 e - 4$	29.29	9.10e3
${EM}_{4}$	1.465337	$8.26 e - 4$	29.32	8.22e3
${EM}_{5}$	1.464511	$2.60 e - 4$	30.04	1.12e4
${EM}_{6}$	1.464251	$3.95 e - 3$	30.01	1.01e4
${EM}_{7}$	1.460302	$2.91 e - 4$	37.48	2.13e4
${EM}_{8}$	1.460011	$4.87 e - 4$	37.28	2.04e4
${EM}_{9}$	1.459524	$2.65 e - 4$	37.06	2.24e4
${EM}_{10}$	1.459259	$2.34 e - 3$	37.17	2.14e4
${EM}_{11}$	1.456921	$2.52 e - 4$	31.70	2.57e4
${EM}_{12}$	1.456670	$3.00 e - 3$	32.64	2.49e4
${EM}_{13}$	1.453670	$2.81 e - 4$	37.96	3.44e4
${EM}_{14}$	1.453389	$1.43 e - 4$	36.85	3.32e4
${EM}_{15}$	1.453246	$2.68 e - 4$	37.94	3.49e4
${EM}_{16}$	1.452978	$2.70 e - 3$	37.74	3.39e4
${EM}_{17}$	1.450280	$2.66 e - 4$	3.35	3.39e4
${EM}_{18}$	1.450014	$2.37 e - 3$	3.88	3.31e4
${EM}_{19}$	1.447646	$3.11 e - 4$	−65.25	2.72e4
${EM}_{20}$	1.447335	$1.20 e - 3$	−58.07	2.79e4
${EM}_{21}$	1.446132	$1.60 e - 4$	−21.49	4.25e4
${EM}_{22}$	1.445972	$1.43 e - 4$	−19.42	4.25e4
${EM}_{23}$	1.445829	$1.67 e - 4$	−24.06	4.17e4
${EM}_{24}$	1.445662	—	−14.91	4.23e4

Bend Radius (cm)		1	2	3	5	10	20	50	100	No Bend
x-axis	Mode number	18	22	24	24	24	24	24	24	24
	$\min (Δ n_{eff})$	$1.44 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$
	Maximum $α$ (dB/km)	$6.30 e - 7$	$5.18 e - 6$	$4.86 e - 7$	$5.66 e - 7$	$6.10 e - 7$	$6.15 e - 7$	$5.72 e - 7$	$5.06 e - 7$	$5.24 e - 7$
y-axis	Mode number	18	20	24	24	24	24	24	24	24
	$\min (Δ n_{eff})$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$	$1.43 e - 4$
	Maximum $α$ (dB/km)	$5.53 e - 7$	$4.32 e - 7$	$7.69 e - 5$	$6.14 e - 7$	$5.27 e - 7$	$8.26 e - 7$	$6.52 e - 7$	$5.32 e - 7$	$3.72 e - 7$

	${SiO}_{2}$	${GeO}_{2}$	$B_{2} O_{3}$
Thermal expansion coefficient $α$ (1/K)	$5.4 \times 10^{- 7}$	$7 \times 10^{- 6}$	$10 \times 10^{- 6}$
Young’s modulus $E$ (Pa)	$78 \times 10^{9}$
Poisson’s ratio	0.186
First stress optical coefficient $B 1$ ( $m^{2} / N$ )	$0.7572448 \times 10^{- 12}$
Second stress optical coefficient $B 2$ ( $m^{2} / N$ )	$4.18775 \times 10^{- 12}$
Operating temperature (°C)	20
Reference temperature (°C)	1000

Mode	$n_{eff}$	$Δ n_{eff}$	$D_{λ}$ (ps/nm/km)	DGD (ps/km)
${EM}_{1}$	1.469347	$2.77 e - 4$	21.32	0
${EM}_{2}$	1.469070	$3.45 e - 3$	21.28	−966.67
${EM}_{3}$	1.465620	$2.82 e - 4$	29.29	9.10e3
${EM}_{4}$	1.465337	$8.26 e - 4$	29.32	8.22e3
${EM}_{5}$	1.464511	$2.60 e - 4$	30.04	1.12e4
${EM}_{6}$	1.464251	$3.95 e - 3$	30.01	1.01e4
${EM}_{7}$	1.460302	$2.91 e - 4$	37.48	2.13e4
${EM}_{8}$	1.460011	$4.87 e - 4$	37.28	2.04e4
${EM}_{9}$	1.459524	$2.65 e - 4$	37.06	2.24e4
${EM}_{10}$	1.459259	$2.34 e - 3$	37.17	2.14e4
${EM}_{11}$	1.456921	$2.52 e - 4$	31.70	2.57e4
${EM}_{12}$	1.456670	$3.00 e - 3$	32.64	2.49e4
${EM}_{13}$	1.453670	$2.81 e - 4$	37.96	3.44e4
${EM}_{14}$	1.453389	$1.43 e - 4$	36.85	3.32e4
${EM}_{15}$	1.453246	$2.68 e - 4$	37.94	3.49e4
${EM}_{16}$	1.452978	$2.70 e - 3$	37.74	3.39e4
${EM}_{17}$	1.450280	$2.66 e - 4$	3.35	3.39e4
${EM}_{18}$	1.450014	$2.37 e - 3$	3.88	3.31e4
${EM}_{19}$	1.447646	$3.11 e - 4$	−65.25	2.72e4
${EM}_{20}$	1.447335	$1.20 e - 3$	−58.07	2.79e4
${EM}_{21}$	1.446132	$1.60 e - 4$	−21.49	4.25e4
${EM}_{22}$	1.445972	$1.43 e - 4$	−19.42	4.25e4
${EM}_{23}$	1.445829	$1.67 e - 4$	−24.06	4.17e4
${EM}_{24}$	1.445662	—	−14.91	4.23e4

Abstract

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Tables (3)

Optics Letters