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Slow-light effect in a silicon photonic crystal waveguide as a sub-bandgap photodiode

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Abstract

We demonstrate a Si sub-bandgap photodiode in a photonic crystal slow-light waveguide that operates at telecom wavelengths and can be fabricated using a Ge-free, standard Si-photonics CMOS process. In photodiodes based on absorption via mid-bandgap states, the slow-light enhancement enables performance that is well balanced among high responsivity, low dark current, high speed, wide working spectrum, and CMOS-process compatibility, all of which are otherwise difficult to achieve simultaneously. Owing to the slow-light effect and supplemental gain at a high reverse bias, the photodiode shows a responsivity of 0.15A/W with a low dark current of 40 nA, which is attributed to no particular processes such as ion implantation and excess exposure of the Si surface. The maximum responsivity was 0.36A/W. The modest gain allows for sufficient frequency bandwidth to observe an eye opening at up to 30Gb/s.

© 2016 Optical Society of America

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