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Generation of 1.5 μm emission through an upconversion-mediated looping mechanism in Er3+/Sc3+-codoped LiNbO3 single crystal

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Abstract

Important for telecommunications, luminescence of trivalent erbium (Er) at 1.5 μm generally arises from a Stokes-shifted downconversion mechanism. We show that this luminescence following direct excitation of the I11/24 state is generated by upconversion-mediated looping process in Er3+/Sc3+-codoped LiNbO3 single crystal. Emissions at 1.0 and 1.5 μm from the I11/24 and I13/24 states display linear and quadratic dependences on the excitation density in two separated ranges with a threshold of 20W/cm2. This observation correlates with two- and four-photon processes in green and red upconversion emissions. The mechanism described has implications in the improvement of the output of 1.5 μm luminescence.

©2012 Optical Society of America

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