High-performance switchable grating based on pre-transitional effect of antiferroelectric liquid crystals

Zhengyu Feng; Ken Ishikawa

doi:10.1364/OE.26.031976

High-performance switchable grating based on pre-transitional effect of antiferroelectric liquid crystals

Zhengyu Feng and Ken Ishikawa

Optics Express
Vol. 26,
Issue 24,
pp. 31976-31982
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.031976

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Zhengyu Feng and Ken Ishikawa, "High-performance switchable grating based on pre-transitional effect of antiferroelectric liquid crystals," Opt. Express 26, 31976-31982 (2018)

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- Holography, Gratings, and Diffraction
Optics & Photonics Topics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: August 27, 2018
- Revised Manuscript: October 23, 2018
- Manuscript Accepted: October 30, 2018
- Published: November 19, 2018

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Abstract

An optical phase grating prototype based on the homeotropic aligned antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) is demonstrated. By applying an in-plane electric field using comb-like electrodes, the helical structure of AFLC is deformed with the molecules rotating parallel to the electric field because of dielectric anisotropy. This deformation is called the pre-transitional effect of AFLC and induces biaxiality. By using this effect, a switchable phase grating is constructed using a 40μm thick cell filled with (S)-MHPOBC at 85°C. For 532nm TM polarized incident light, the maximum diffraction efficiency of 37.0% is achieved at the electric field of 1.8V/μm for the ± 1st order diffraction. The rise and decay times for the 1st order diffraction pattern are 510μs and 210μs, respectively. The high diffraction efficiency achieved under low field makes it promising for future electro-optical applications.

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References

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Publication

K. Kondo, H. Takezoe, A. Fukuda, and E. Kuze, “Temperature sensitive helical pitches and wall anchoring effects in homogeneous monodomains of ferroelectric SmC* liquid crystals, nobambc (n= 6-10),” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 21(2), 224–229 (1982).
[Crossref]
C. Brown, E. E. Kriezis, and S. Elston, “Optical diffraction from a liquid crystal phase grating,” J. Appl. Phys. 91(6), 3495–3500 (2002).
[Crossref]
H. Xianyu, S. Gauza, and S.-T. Wu, “Sub-millisecond response phase modulator using a low crossover frequency dual-frequency liquid crystal,” Liq. Cryst. 35(12), 1409–1413 (2008).
[Crossref]
T. Matsushima, K. Seki, S. Kimura, Y. Iwakabe, T. Yata, Y. Watanabe, S. Komura, M. Uchida, and T. Nakamura, “51-1: Optimal fast-response lcd for high-definition virtual reality head mounted display,” in SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 49, pp. 667–670 (2018).
[Crossref]
Y. Ma, X. Wang, A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H.-S. Kwok, “Fast switchable ferroelectric liquid crystal gratings with two electro-optical modes,” AIP Adv. 6(3), 035207 (2016).
[Crossref]
A. K. Srivastava, E. Pozhidaev, V. G. Chigrinov, and R. Manohar, “Single walled carbon nano-tube, ferroelectric liquid crystal composites: Excellent diffractive tool,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(20), 201106 (2011).
[Crossref]
T. Chandani, T. Hagiwara, Y. Suzuki, Y. Ouchi, H. Takezoe, and A. Fukuda, “Tristable switching in surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals with a large spontaneous polarization,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27(5), L729–L732 (1988).
[Crossref]
A. Srivastava, W. Hu, V. Chigrinov, A. Kiselev, and Y.-Q. Lu, “Fast switchable grating based on orthogonal photo alignments of ferroelectric liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(3), 031112 (2012).
[Crossref]
S. Matsumoto, M. Goto, S.-W. Choi, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, H. Takezoe, G. Kawamura, I. Nishiyama, and H. Takada, “Phase grating using a ferroelectric liquid-crystal mixture with a photocurable liquid crystal,” J. Appl. Phys. 99(11), 113709 (2006).
[Crossref]
D.-W. Kim, E. Jang, Y.-W. Lim, and S.-D. Lee, “Defect-free deformed-helix ferroelectric liquid-crystal mode in a vertically aligned configuration,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 16(9), 947–952 (2008).
[Crossref]
E. P. Pozhidaev, A. D. Kiselev, A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, H.-S. Kwok, and M. V. Minchenko, “Orientational Kerr effect and phase modulation of light in deformed-helix ferroelectric liquid crystals with subwavelength pitch,” Phys. Rev. E. 87(5), 052502 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J.-H. Lee, D.-W. Kim, Y.-H. Wu, C.-J. Yu, S.-D. Lee, and S.-T. Wu, “High-speed infrared phase modulators using short helical pitch ferroelectric liquid crystals,” Opt. Express 13(20), 7732–7740 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
L. A. Parry-Jones and S. J. Elston, “Field-driven helix unwinding in antiferroelectric liquid crystal cells,” Phys. Rev. E. 63(5), 050701 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
Y. Takanishi, S. Noma, and J. Yamamoto, “Novel display mode using dielectric response of antiferroelectric liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Express 6(8), 081701 (2013).
[Crossref]
Z. Feng and K. Ishikawa, “Phase modulator mode based on the pre-transitional effect of antiferroelectric liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 43(2), 251–254 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
H. Takezoe, E. Gorecka, and M. Cepic, “Antiferroelectric liquid crystals: interplay of simplicity and complexity,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(1), 897–937 (2010).
[Crossref]
A. Singh and S. Singh, “Thermodynamic model for the electro-optical and structural properties of sm c* a phase in antiferroelectric liquid crystal mhpobc,” J. Mater. Chem. 21(6), 1991–1996 (2011).
[Crossref]
E. Pozhidaev, V. Vashchenko, V. V. Mikhailenko, A. I. Krivoshey, V. Barbashov, L. Shi, A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H. S. Kwok, “Ultrashort helix pitch antiferroelectric liquid crystals based on chiral esters of terphenyldicarboxylic acid,” J. Mater. Chem. C 4(43), 10339–10346 (2016).
[Crossref]
J. Yamamoto and I. Nishiyama, “Slippery interfaces: control and evaluation of the anchoring effect for the reduction of driving voltage (conference presentation),” in Liquid Crystals XXII, vol. 10735 (International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2018), p. 107350V.
A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H. S. Kwok, “Ferroelectric liquid crystals: Excellent tool for modern displays and photonics,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23(6), 253–272 (2015).
[Crossref]

2018 (1)

Z. Feng and K. Ishikawa, “Phase modulator mode based on the pre-transitional effect of antiferroelectric liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 43(2), 251–254 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2016 (2)

E. Pozhidaev, V. Vashchenko, V. V. Mikhailenko, A. I. Krivoshey, V. Barbashov, L. Shi, A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H. S. Kwok, “Ultrashort helix pitch antiferroelectric liquid crystals based on chiral esters of terphenyldicarboxylic acid,” J. Mater. Chem. C 4(43), 10339–10346 (2016).
[Crossref]

Y. Ma, X. Wang, A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H.-S. Kwok, “Fast switchable ferroelectric liquid crystal gratings with two electro-optical modes,” AIP Adv. 6(3), 035207 (2016).
[Crossref]

2015 (1)

A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H. S. Kwok, “Ferroelectric liquid crystals: Excellent tool for modern displays and photonics,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23(6), 253–272 (2015).
[Crossref]

2013 (2)

Y. Takanishi, S. Noma, and J. Yamamoto, “Novel display mode using dielectric response of antiferroelectric liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Express 6(8), 081701 (2013).
[Crossref]

E. P. Pozhidaev, A. D. Kiselev, A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, H.-S. Kwok, and M. V. Minchenko, “Orientational Kerr effect and phase modulation of light in deformed-helix ferroelectric liquid crystals with subwavelength pitch,” Phys. Rev. E. 87(5), 052502 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (1)

A. Srivastava, W. Hu, V. Chigrinov, A. Kiselev, and Y.-Q. Lu, “Fast switchable grating based on orthogonal photo alignments of ferroelectric liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(3), 031112 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (2)

A. K. Srivastava, E. Pozhidaev, V. G. Chigrinov, and R. Manohar, “Single walled carbon nano-tube, ferroelectric liquid crystal composites: Excellent diffractive tool,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(20), 201106 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. Singh and S. Singh, “Thermodynamic model for the electro-optical and structural properties of sm c* a phase in antiferroelectric liquid crystal mhpobc,” J. Mater. Chem. 21(6), 1991–1996 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (1)

H. Takezoe, E. Gorecka, and M. Cepic, “Antiferroelectric liquid crystals: interplay of simplicity and complexity,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(1), 897–937 (2010).
[Crossref]

2008 (2)

H. Xianyu, S. Gauza, and S.-T. Wu, “Sub-millisecond response phase modulator using a low crossover frequency dual-frequency liquid crystal,” Liq. Cryst. 35(12), 1409–1413 (2008).
[Crossref]

D.-W. Kim, E. Jang, Y.-W. Lim, and S.-D. Lee, “Defect-free deformed-helix ferroelectric liquid-crystal mode in a vertically aligned configuration,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 16(9), 947–952 (2008).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

S. Matsumoto, M. Goto, S.-W. Choi, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, H. Takezoe, G. Kawamura, I. Nishiyama, and H. Takada, “Phase grating using a ferroelectric liquid-crystal mixture with a photocurable liquid crystal,” J. Appl. Phys. 99(11), 113709 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

J.-H. Lee, D.-W. Kim, Y.-H. Wu, C.-J. Yu, S.-D. Lee, and S.-T. Wu, “High-speed infrared phase modulators using short helical pitch ferroelectric liquid crystals,” Opt. Express 13(20), 7732–7740 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (1)

C. Brown, E. E. Kriezis, and S. Elston, “Optical diffraction from a liquid crystal phase grating,” J. Appl. Phys. 91(6), 3495–3500 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

L. A. Parry-Jones and S. J. Elston, “Field-driven helix unwinding in antiferroelectric liquid crystal cells,” Phys. Rev. E. 63(5), 050701 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1988 (1)

T. Chandani, T. Hagiwara, Y. Suzuki, Y. Ouchi, H. Takezoe, and A. Fukuda, “Tristable switching in surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals with a large spontaneous polarization,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27(5), L729–L732 (1988).
[Crossref]

1982 (1)

K. Kondo, H. Takezoe, A. Fukuda, and E. Kuze, “Temperature sensitive helical pitches and wall anchoring effects in homogeneous monodomains of ferroelectric SmC* liquid crystals, nobambc (n= 6-10),” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 21(2), 224–229 (1982).
[Crossref]

Barbashov, V.

Brown, C.

C. Brown, E. E. Kriezis, and S. Elston, “Optical diffraction from a liquid crystal phase grating,” J. Appl. Phys. 91(6), 3495–3500 (2002).
[Crossref]

Cepic, M.

H. Takezoe, E. Gorecka, and M. Cepic, “Antiferroelectric liquid crystals: interplay of simplicity and complexity,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(1), 897–937 (2010).
[Crossref]

Chandani, T.

Chigrinov, V.

Chigrinov, V. G.

Y. Ma, X. Wang, A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H.-S. Kwok, “Fast switchable ferroelectric liquid crystal gratings with two electro-optical modes,” AIP Adv. 6(3), 035207 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H. S. Kwok, “Ferroelectric liquid crystals: Excellent tool for modern displays and photonics,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23(6), 253–272 (2015).
[Crossref]

Choi, S.-W.

Elston, S.

C. Brown, E. E. Kriezis, and S. Elston, “Optical diffraction from a liquid crystal phase grating,” J. Appl. Phys. 91(6), 3495–3500 (2002).
[Crossref]

Elston, S. J.

L. A. Parry-Jones and S. J. Elston, “Field-driven helix unwinding in antiferroelectric liquid crystal cells,” Phys. Rev. E. 63(5), 050701 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Feng, Z.

Z. Feng and K. Ishikawa, “Phase modulator mode based on the pre-transitional effect of antiferroelectric liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 43(2), 251–254 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fukuda, A.

Gauza, S.

H. Xianyu, S. Gauza, and S.-T. Wu, “Sub-millisecond response phase modulator using a low crossover frequency dual-frequency liquid crystal,” Liq. Cryst. 35(12), 1409–1413 (2008).
[Crossref]

Gorecka, E.

H. Takezoe, E. Gorecka, and M. Cepic, “Antiferroelectric liquid crystals: interplay of simplicity and complexity,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(1), 897–937 (2010).
[Crossref]

Goto, M.

Hagiwara, T.

Hu, W.

Ishikawa, K.

Z. Feng and K. Ishikawa, “Phase modulator mode based on the pre-transitional effect of antiferroelectric liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 43(2), 251–254 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Iwakabe, Y.

T. Matsushima, K. Seki, S. Kimura, Y. Iwakabe, T. Yata, Y. Watanabe, S. Komura, M. Uchida, and T. Nakamura, “51-1: Optimal fast-response lcd for high-definition virtual reality head mounted display,” in SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 49, pp. 667–670 (2018).
[Crossref]

Jang, E.

Kawamura, G.

Kim, D.-W.

Kimura, S.

Kiselev, A.

Kiselev, A. D.

Komura, S.

Kondo, K.

Kriezis, E. E.

C. Brown, E. E. Kriezis, and S. Elston, “Optical diffraction from a liquid crystal phase grating,” J. Appl. Phys. 91(6), 3495–3500 (2002).
[Crossref]

Krivoshey, A. I.

Kuze, E.

Kwok, H. S.

A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H. S. Kwok, “Ferroelectric liquid crystals: Excellent tool for modern displays and photonics,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23(6), 253–272 (2015).
[Crossref]

Kwok, H.-S.

Y. Ma, X. Wang, A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H.-S. Kwok, “Fast switchable ferroelectric liquid crystal gratings with two electro-optical modes,” AIP Adv. 6(3), 035207 (2016).
[Crossref]

Lee, J.-H.

Lee, S.-D.

Lim, Y.-W.

Lu, Y.-Q.

Ma, Y.

Y. Ma, X. Wang, A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H.-S. Kwok, “Fast switchable ferroelectric liquid crystal gratings with two electro-optical modes,” AIP Adv. 6(3), 035207 (2016).
[Crossref]

Manohar, R.

Matsumoto, S.

Matsushima, T.

Mikhailenko, V. V.

Minchenko, M. V.

Nakamura, T.

Nishiyama, I.

Noma, S.

Y. Takanishi, S. Noma, and J. Yamamoto, “Novel display mode using dielectric response of antiferroelectric liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Express 6(8), 081701 (2013).
[Crossref]

Ouchi, Y.

Parry-Jones, L. A.

L. A. Parry-Jones and S. J. Elston, “Field-driven helix unwinding in antiferroelectric liquid crystal cells,” Phys. Rev. E. 63(5), 050701 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pozhidaev, E.

Pozhidaev, E. P.

Seki, K.

Shi, L.

Singh, A.

Singh, S.

Srivastava, A.

Srivastava, A. K.

Y. Ma, X. Wang, A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H.-S. Kwok, “Fast switchable ferroelectric liquid crystal gratings with two electro-optical modes,” AIP Adv. 6(3), 035207 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H. S. Kwok, “Ferroelectric liquid crystals: Excellent tool for modern displays and photonics,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23(6), 253–272 (2015).
[Crossref]

Suzuki, Y.

Takada, H.

Takanishi, Y.

Y. Takanishi, S. Noma, and J. Yamamoto, “Novel display mode using dielectric response of antiferroelectric liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Express 6(8), 081701 (2013).
[Crossref]

Takezoe, H.

H. Takezoe, E. Gorecka, and M. Cepic, “Antiferroelectric liquid crystals: interplay of simplicity and complexity,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(1), 897–937 (2010).
[Crossref]

Uchida, M.

Vashchenko, V.

Wang, X.

Y. Ma, X. Wang, A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H.-S. Kwok, “Fast switchable ferroelectric liquid crystal gratings with two electro-optical modes,” AIP Adv. 6(3), 035207 (2016).
[Crossref]

Watanabe, Y.

Wu, S.-T.

H. Xianyu, S. Gauza, and S.-T. Wu, “Sub-millisecond response phase modulator using a low crossover frequency dual-frequency liquid crystal,” Liq. Cryst. 35(12), 1409–1413 (2008).
[Crossref]

Wu, Y.-H.

Xianyu, H.

H. Xianyu, S. Gauza, and S.-T. Wu, “Sub-millisecond response phase modulator using a low crossover frequency dual-frequency liquid crystal,” Liq. Cryst. 35(12), 1409–1413 (2008).
[Crossref]

Yamamoto, J.

Y. Takanishi, S. Noma, and J. Yamamoto, “Novel display mode using dielectric response of antiferroelectric liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Express 6(8), 081701 (2013).
[Crossref]

Yata, T.

Yu, C.-J.

AIP Adv. (1)

Y. Ma, X. Wang, A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H.-S. Kwok, “Fast switchable ferroelectric liquid crystal gratings with two electro-optical modes,” AIP Adv. 6(3), 035207 (2016).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Express (1)

Y. Takanishi, S. Noma, and J. Yamamoto, “Novel display mode using dielectric response of antiferroelectric liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Express 6(8), 081701 (2013).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (2)

J. Appl. Phys. (2)

C. Brown, E. E. Kriezis, and S. Elston, “Optical diffraction from a liquid crystal phase grating,” J. Appl. Phys. 91(6), 3495–3500 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Mater. Chem. (1)

J. Mater. Chem. C (1)

J. Soc. Inf. Disp. (2)

A. K. Srivastava, V. G. Chigrinov, and H. S. Kwok, “Ferroelectric liquid crystals: Excellent tool for modern displays and photonics,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23(6), 253–272 (2015).
[Crossref]

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (2)

Liq. Cryst. (1)

H. Xianyu, S. Gauza, and S.-T. Wu, “Sub-millisecond response phase modulator using a low crossover frequency dual-frequency liquid crystal,” Liq. Cryst. 35(12), 1409–1413 (2008).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

Opt. Lett. (1)

Z. Feng and K. Ishikawa, “Phase modulator mode based on the pre-transitional effect of antiferroelectric liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 43(2), 251–254 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. E. (2)

L. A. Parry-Jones and S. J. Elston, “Field-driven helix unwinding in antiferroelectric liquid crystal cells,” Phys. Rev. E. 63(5), 050701 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rev. Mod. Phys. (1)

H. Takezoe, E. Gorecka, and M. Cepic, “Antiferroelectric liquid crystals: interplay of simplicity and complexity,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82(1), 897–937 (2010).
[Crossref]

Other (2)

J. Yamamoto and I. Nishiyama, “Slippery interfaces: control and evaluation of the anchoring effect for the reduction of driving voltage (conference presentation),” in Liquid Crystals XXII, vol. 10735 (International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2018), p. 107350V.

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Fig. 1 Schematic cross-section diagrams of the in-plane switching of the AFLC based on the pre-transitional effect. The gray rods and the red arrows stand for the LC molecules and spontaneous polarization, respectively. The upper and lower substrates are common glass and ITO glass with patterned comb-like electrodes, respectively. (a) The helical structure of the homeotropic aligned AFLC when there is no electric field. The molecules in adjacent layers are oriented in almost opposite directions. (b) The molecules will rotate parallel to the electric field when a weak in-plane electric field (dashed line) is applied.

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Fig. 2 Textures of the LC cell using a full wave retardation plate under the polarized-light microscope. A 100Hz square wave was applied to the sample and the LC cell was kept at 85 °C in a hot stage.

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Fig. 3 (a) Diffraction patterns at 0V/μm, 1V/μm, 2V/μm and 2.5V/μm captured by the digital camera. (b) Diffraction intensity ratio of the 1st and 3rd order pattern at different electric fields. (c) The assumed phase distribution profile of the AFLC grating at low and high fields, respectively. (d) The zoomed-in texture using a full wave retardation plate under the polarized-light microscope and the schematic illustration of w₁, w₂, and w₃ at 2.5V/μm.

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Fig. 4 (a) Diffraction efficiency of the 0th, ± 1st and ± 2nd orders(simulation results are plotted in dashed lines). (b) Electro-optical response of the 0th and 1st order diffraction pattern intensity in the rise and decay processes upon application field of 2.0V/μm at 85°C. The response time is defined as the time between 10% and 90% of the final value. The measured diffraction order was selected by the iris and detected by the photo diode.

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Equations (2)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

ϕ = \frac{2 π}{λ} {\begin{cases} \int_{0}^{z} n_{x} (x, z) d z, \begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} 0 < x < w \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \\ \int_{0}^{z} n_{x}^{'} (x, z) d z, \begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} w < x < d + w \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{cases}

η_{m} = {\begin{cases} 4 {(\frac{d}{w + d})}^{2} \cos^{2} (\frac{ϕ}{2}), \begin{array}{r}  \end{array} m = 0 \\ 4 \frac{\sin (\frac{d}{w + d} m π)}{{(m π)}^{2}} \sin^{2} (\frac{ϕ}{2}), \begin{array}{r}  \end{array} m \neq 0 \end{cases}