Model of the dependence of the sun-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence quantum yield on the environmental factors in the sea

Miroslawa Ostrowska

doi:10.1364/OE.20.023300

Model of the dependence of the sun-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence quantum yield on the environmental factors in the sea

Miroslawa Ostrowska

Optics Express
Vol. 20,
Issue 21,
pp. 23300-23317
(2012)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.023300

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Miroslawa Ostrowska, "Model of the dependence of the sun-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence quantum yield on the environmental factors in the sea," Opt. Express 20, 23300-23317 (2012)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Oceanic optics (010.4450)
- Fluorescence (260.2510)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 6, 2012
- Revised Manuscript: September 20, 2012
- Manuscript Accepted: September 21, 2012
- Published: September 25, 2012

Accessible

Open Access

Abstract

The paper discusses a physical model, obtained with the aid of statistical analyses, of the relationships between the sun-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence quantum yield and marine environmental factors. The relationships are based on a large set of empirical data from various ocean regions with basins of different trophicity, at different depths and in different seasons. Underwater spectral radiance and irradiance in the PAR spectral range were used to determine the quantum yield of sun-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence. From a statistical analysis a preliminary mathematical expression was derived to describe the fluorescence quantum yield as a function of the scalar irradiance, basin trophicity and the water temperature in situ. These relationships may be useful for analysing the budget of the light energy absorbed by phytoplankton pigments utilized in chemical and non-chemical quenching.

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References

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Publication

M. Babin, J. C. Therriault, L. Legendre, B. Nieke, R. Reuter, and A. Condal, “Relationship between the maximum quantum yield of carbon fixation and the minimum quantum yield of chlorophyll a in vivo fluorescence in the Gulf of St. Lawrence,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 40(5), 956–968 (1995).
[Crossref]
Y. Huot, C. A. Brown, and J. J. Cullen, “New algorithms for MODIS sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and a comparison with present data products,” Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 3, 108–130 (2005).
[Crossref]
Y. Huot, C. A. Brown, and J. J. Cullen, “Retrieval of phytoplankton biomass from simultaneous inversion of reflectance, the diffuse attenuation coefficient and sun-induced fluorescence in coastal waters,” J. Geophys. Res. 112(C6), C06013 (2007), doi:.
[Crossref]
S. Maritorena, A. Morel, and B. Gentili, “Determination of the fluorescence quantum yield by oceanic phytoplankton in their natural habitat,” Appl. Opt. 39(36), 6725–6737 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. R. Morrison, “In situ determination of quantum yield of phytoplankton chlorophyll a fluorescence: A simple algorithm, observations, and a model,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 48(2), 618–631 (2003).
[Crossref]
M. Ostrowska, M. Darecki, and B. Woźniak, “An attempt to use measurements of sun-inducted chlorophyll fluorescence to estimate chlorophyll a concentration in the Baltic Sea,” Proc. SPIE 3222, 528–537 (1997).
[Crossref]
M. Ostrowska, “Dependence of quantum yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence in the sea on environmental factors - the preliminary results,” in Proceedings of Ocean Optics XX conference, (Anchorage, Alaska 2010).
J. D. H. Strickland and T. R. Parsons, “A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Pigment analysis,” Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 167, 1–311 (1968).
G. M. Ferrari and S. Tassan, “A method using chemical oxidation to remove light absorption by phytoplankton pigments,” J. Phycol. 35(5), 1090–1098 (1999).
[Crossref]
S. Tassan and G. M. Ferrari, “A sensitivity analysis of the ‘Transmittance-Reflectance’ method for measuring light absorption by aquatic particles,” J. Plankton Res. 24(8), 757–774 (2002).
[Crossref]
S. Tassan and G. M. Ferrari, “An alternative approach to absorption measurements of aquatic particles retained on filters,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 40(8), 1358–1368 (1995).
[Crossref]
D. Ficek, S. Kaczmarek, J. Stoń-Egiert, B. Woźniak, R. Majchrowski, and J. Dera, “Spectra of light absorption by phytoplankton pigments in the Baltic; conclusions to be drawn from a gaussian analysis of empirical data,” Oceanologia 46(4), 533–555 (2004).
J. Dera, “The characteristics of the euphotic zone irradiance in the sea,” Oceanologia 1, 9–98 (in Polish) (1971).
B. Woźniak and K. Montwiłł, “The methods and techniques of the optical measurements in the sea,” Stud. Mater. Oceanol. 7, 73–108 (1973).
B. Woźniak, R. Hapter, and B. Maj, “The inflow of solar energy and the irradiance of the euphotic zone in the region of Ezcurra Inlet during the Antarctic summer of 1977/78,” Oceanologia 15, 141–174 (1983).
J. L. Mueller and R. W. Austin, “Ocean optics protocols for Sea-WiFS validation, revision l,” SeaWiFS technical report series. NASA Tech Memo 25, 7–12 (1995).
M. Darecki and D. Stramski, “An evaluation of MODIS and SeaWiFS bio-optical algorithms in the Baltic Sea,” Remote Sens. Environ. 89(3), 326–350 (2004).
[Crossref]
J. Gower, R. Doerffer, and G. A. Borstad, “Interpretation of the 685nm peak in water-leaving radiance spectra in terms of fluorescence, absorption and scattering, and its observation by MERIS,” Int. J. Remote Sens. 20(9), 1771–1786 (1999).
[Crossref]
R. M. Letelier and M. R. Abbott, “An analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence algorithms for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS),” Remote Sens. Environ. 58(2), 215–223 (1996).
[Crossref]
F. E. Hoge, P. E. Lyon, R. N. Swift, J. K. Yungel, M. R. Abbott, R. M. Letelier, and W. E. Esaias, “Validation of Terra-MODIS phytoplankton chlorophyll fluorescence line height. I. Initial airborne lidar results,” Appl. Opt. 42(15), 2767–2771 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. K. Westberry and D. A. Siegel, “Phytoplankton natural fluorescence variability in theSargasso Sea,” Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 50(3), 417–434 (2003).
[Crossref]
J. Dera, L. Gohs, R. Hapter, W. Kaiser, H. Prandke, W. Rüting, B. Woźniak, and S. M. Zalewski, “Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung zwischen optischen, physikalischen, biologischen und chemischen Umweltfaktoren in der Ostsee Geod. Geophys,” Veröff. IV, 13 (1974).
L. Gohs, J. Dera, D. Gedziorowska, R. Hapter, M. Jonasz, H. Prandke, H. Siegel, G. Schenkel, J. Olszewski, B. Woźniak, and S. M. Zalewski, “Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung zwischen den optischen, physikalischen, biologischen und chemischen Umweltfaktoren in der Ostsee aus den Jahren 1974, 1975 und 1976 Geod. Geophys,” Veröff. IV, 25 (1978).
D. A. Kiefer, W. S. Chamberlin, and C. R. Booth, “Natural fluorescence of chlorophyll a: relationship to photosynthesis and chlorophyll concentration in the western South Pacific gyre,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 34(5), 868–881 (1989).
[Crossref]
B. Woźniak and J. Dera, Light absorption in sea water (Springer, New York, 2007).
M. Babin, A. Morel, and B. Gentili, “Remote sensing of sea surface sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence: consequences of natural variations in the optical characteristics of phytoplankton and the quantum yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence,” J. Rem. Sens. 17(12), 2417–2448 (1996).
[Crossref]
P. G. Falkowski and D. A. Kiefer, “Chlorophyll a fluorescence in phytoplankton: relationship to photosynthesis and biomass,” J. Plankton Res. 7(5), 715–731 (1985).
[Crossref]
C. Schallenberg, M. R. Lewis, D. E. Kelley, and J. Cullen, “Inferred influence of nutrient availability on the relationship between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and incident irradiance in the Bering Sea,” J. of Geophys. Res. 113, C07046, doi: , 1–21 (2008).
[Crossref]
S. R. Laney, R. M. Letelier, and M. R. Abbot, “Parameterizing the natural fluorescence kinetics of Thalassiosira weissflogii,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 50(5), 1499–1510 (2005).
[Crossref]
M. J. Behrenfeld, T. K. Westberry, E. S. Boss, R. T. O’Malley, D. A. Siegel, J. D. Wiggert, B. A. Franz, C. R. McClain, G. C. Feldman, S. C. Doney, J. K. Moore, G. Dall’Olmo, A. J. Milligan, I. Lima, and N. Mahowald, “Satellite-detected fluorescence reveals global physiology of ocean phytoplankton,” Biogeosc. 6(5), 779–794 (2009).
[Crossref]
A. Morel, “Light and marine photosynthesis: a spectral model with geochemical and climatological implications,” Prog. Oceanogr. 26(3), 263–306 (1991).
[Crossref]
A. Morel, D. Antoine, M. Babin, and Y. Dandonneau, “Measured and modeled primary production in the northeast Atlantic (Eumeli JGOFS program): the impact of natural variations in photosynthetic parameters on model predictive skill,” Deep-Sea Res. 43(8), 1273–1304 (1996).
[Crossref]
D. Antoine, J. M. Andre, and A. Morel, “Oceanic primary production: 2, estimation at global scale from satellite (Coastal Zone Color Scanner) chlorophyll,” Global Biogeochem. Cycles 10(1), 57–69 (1996).
[Crossref]
J. Dera, Underwater Irradiance as a Factor Affecting Primary Production (Diss. and Mon. IO PAN, Sopot 7, 1995).
B. Woźniak, J. Dera, and O. I. Koblentz-Mishke, “Bio-optical relationships for estimating primary production in the ocean,” Oceanologia 33, 5–38 (1992).
B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, and S. Kaczmarek, “Modelling light and photosynthesis in the marine environment,” Oceanologia 45(2), 171–245 (2003).
B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, S. Kaczmarek, and M. Kuzio, “The current bio-optical study of marine phytoplankton,” Opt. Appl. 32(4), 731–747 (2002).
B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, and R. Majchrowski, “Dependence of the photosynthesis quantum yield in oceans on environmental factors,” Oceanologia 44(4), 439–459 (2002).
B. Woźniak, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, D. Ficek, J. Kunicka, and J. Dera, “Remote sensing of vertical phytoplankton pigment distributions in the Baltic: new mathematical expressions. Part 3: nonphotosynthetic pigment absorption factor,” Oceanologia 49(4), 513–526 (2007).
B. Woźniak, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, and J. Dera, “Quantum yield of photosynthesis in the Baltic: a new mathematical expression for remote sensing applications,” Oceanologia 49(4), 527–542 (2007).
B. Woźniak, A. Krężel, M. Darecki, S. B. Woźniak, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, Ł. Kozłowski, D. Ficek, J. Olszewski, and J. Dera, “Algorithm for the remote sensing of the Baltic ecosystem (DESAMBEM). Part 1: Mathematical apparatus,” Oceanologia 50(4), 451–508 (2008).
Z. Kolber and P. G. Falkowski, “Use of active fluorescence to estimate phytoplankton photosynthesis ‘in situ’,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 38(8), 1646–1665 (1993).
[Crossref]
D. N. Matorin, P. S. Venediktov, Yu. N. Konev, Yu. V. Kazemirko, and A. B. Rubin, “Application of a double-flash, impulse, submersible fluorimeter in the determination of photosynthetic activity of natural phytoplankton,” Transactions Russian Acad. Sci. - Earth Sci. Sec. 350(7), 1159–1161 (1996).
M. Ostrowska, The application of fluorescence methods to the study of marine photosynthesis (Diss. and Monogr. IO PAN, Sopot, 15 (in Polish), 2001).
M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, D. N. Matorin, and B. Woźniak, “Variability of the specific fluorescence of chlorophyll in the ocean. Part 1: theory of classical 'in situ' chlorophyll fluorometry,” Oceanologia 42(2), 203–219 (2000).
D. Ficek, Modelling the quantum yield of photosynthesis in various marine systems (Diss. and Monogr, IO PAN, Sopot, 14 in Polish, 2001).
B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 1: assumptions, scope and operating range,” Oceanologia 53(4), 897–924 (2011), doi:.
[Crossref]
B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

2011 (2)

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 1: assumptions, scope and operating range,” Oceanologia 53(4), 897–924 (2011), doi:.
[Crossref]

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

2009 (1)

M. J. Behrenfeld, T. K. Westberry, E. S. Boss, R. T. O’Malley, D. A. Siegel, J. D. Wiggert, B. A. Franz, C. R. McClain, G. C. Feldman, S. C. Doney, J. K. Moore, G. Dall’Olmo, A. J. Milligan, I. Lima, and N. Mahowald, “Satellite-detected fluorescence reveals global physiology of ocean phytoplankton,” Biogeosc. 6(5), 779–794 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (2)

C. Schallenberg, M. R. Lewis, D. E. Kelley, and J. Cullen, “Inferred influence of nutrient availability on the relationship between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and incident irradiance in the Bering Sea,” J. of Geophys. Res. 113, C07046, doi: , 1–21 (2008).
[Crossref]

B. Woźniak, A. Krężel, M. Darecki, S. B. Woźniak, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, Ł. Kozłowski, D. Ficek, J. Olszewski, and J. Dera, “Algorithm for the remote sensing of the Baltic ecosystem (DESAMBEM). Part 1: Mathematical apparatus,” Oceanologia 50(4), 451–508 (2008).

2007 (3)

B. Woźniak, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, D. Ficek, J. Kunicka, and J. Dera, “Remote sensing of vertical phytoplankton pigment distributions in the Baltic: new mathematical expressions. Part 3: nonphotosynthetic pigment absorption factor,” Oceanologia 49(4), 513–526 (2007).

B. Woźniak, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, and J. Dera, “Quantum yield of photosynthesis in the Baltic: a new mathematical expression for remote sensing applications,” Oceanologia 49(4), 527–542 (2007).

Y. Huot, C. A. Brown, and J. J. Cullen, “Retrieval of phytoplankton biomass from simultaneous inversion of reflectance, the diffuse attenuation coefficient and sun-induced fluorescence in coastal waters,” J. Geophys. Res. 112(C6), C06013 (2007), doi:.
[Crossref]

2005 (2)

Y. Huot, C. A. Brown, and J. J. Cullen, “New algorithms for MODIS sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and a comparison with present data products,” Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 3, 108–130 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. R. Laney, R. M. Letelier, and M. R. Abbot, “Parameterizing the natural fluorescence kinetics of Thalassiosira weissflogii,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 50(5), 1499–1510 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (2)

D. Ficek, S. Kaczmarek, J. Stoń-Egiert, B. Woźniak, R. Majchrowski, and J. Dera, “Spectra of light absorption by phytoplankton pigments in the Baltic; conclusions to be drawn from a gaussian analysis of empirical data,” Oceanologia 46(4), 533–555 (2004).

M. Darecki and D. Stramski, “An evaluation of MODIS and SeaWiFS bio-optical algorithms in the Baltic Sea,” Remote Sens. Environ. 89(3), 326–350 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (4)

J. R. Morrison, “In situ determination of quantum yield of phytoplankton chlorophyll a fluorescence: A simple algorithm, observations, and a model,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 48(2), 618–631 (2003).
[Crossref]

F. E. Hoge, P. E. Lyon, R. N. Swift, J. K. Yungel, M. R. Abbott, R. M. Letelier, and W. E. Esaias, “Validation of Terra-MODIS phytoplankton chlorophyll fluorescence line height. I. Initial airborne lidar results,” Appl. Opt. 42(15), 2767–2771 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. K. Westberry and D. A. Siegel, “Phytoplankton natural fluorescence variability in theSargasso Sea,” Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 50(3), 417–434 (2003).
[Crossref]

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, and S. Kaczmarek, “Modelling light and photosynthesis in the marine environment,” Oceanologia 45(2), 171–245 (2003).

2002 (3)

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, S. Kaczmarek, and M. Kuzio, “The current bio-optical study of marine phytoplankton,” Opt. Appl. 32(4), 731–747 (2002).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, and R. Majchrowski, “Dependence of the photosynthesis quantum yield in oceans on environmental factors,” Oceanologia 44(4), 439–459 (2002).

S. Tassan and G. M. Ferrari, “A sensitivity analysis of the ‘Transmittance-Reflectance’ method for measuring light absorption by aquatic particles,” J. Plankton Res. 24(8), 757–774 (2002).
[Crossref]

2000 (2)

S. Maritorena, A. Morel, and B. Gentili, “Determination of the fluorescence quantum yield by oceanic phytoplankton in their natural habitat,” Appl. Opt. 39(36), 6725–6737 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, D. N. Matorin, and B. Woźniak, “Variability of the specific fluorescence of chlorophyll in the ocean. Part 1: theory of classical 'in situ' chlorophyll fluorometry,” Oceanologia 42(2), 203–219 (2000).

1999 (2)

J. Gower, R. Doerffer, and G. A. Borstad, “Interpretation of the 685nm peak in water-leaving radiance spectra in terms of fluorescence, absorption and scattering, and its observation by MERIS,” Int. J. Remote Sens. 20(9), 1771–1786 (1999).
[Crossref]

G. M. Ferrari and S. Tassan, “A method using chemical oxidation to remove light absorption by phytoplankton pigments,” J. Phycol. 35(5), 1090–1098 (1999).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

M. Ostrowska, M. Darecki, and B. Woźniak, “An attempt to use measurements of sun-inducted chlorophyll fluorescence to estimate chlorophyll a concentration in the Baltic Sea,” Proc. SPIE 3222, 528–537 (1997).
[Crossref]

1996 (5)

R. M. Letelier and M. R. Abbott, “An analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence algorithms for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS),” Remote Sens. Environ. 58(2), 215–223 (1996).
[Crossref]

A. Morel, D. Antoine, M. Babin, and Y. Dandonneau, “Measured and modeled primary production in the northeast Atlantic (Eumeli JGOFS program): the impact of natural variations in photosynthetic parameters on model predictive skill,” Deep-Sea Res. 43(8), 1273–1304 (1996).
[Crossref]

D. Antoine, J. M. Andre, and A. Morel, “Oceanic primary production: 2, estimation at global scale from satellite (Coastal Zone Color Scanner) chlorophyll,” Global Biogeochem. Cycles 10(1), 57–69 (1996).
[Crossref]

M. Babin, A. Morel, and B. Gentili, “Remote sensing of sea surface sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence: consequences of natural variations in the optical characteristics of phytoplankton and the quantum yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence,” J. Rem. Sens. 17(12), 2417–2448 (1996).
[Crossref]

D. N. Matorin, P. S. Venediktov, Yu. N. Konev, Yu. V. Kazemirko, and A. B. Rubin, “Application of a double-flash, impulse, submersible fluorimeter in the determination of photosynthetic activity of natural phytoplankton,” Transactions Russian Acad. Sci. - Earth Sci. Sec. 350(7), 1159–1161 (1996).

1995 (3)

J. L. Mueller and R. W. Austin, “Ocean optics protocols for Sea-WiFS validation, revision l,” SeaWiFS technical report series. NASA Tech Memo 25, 7–12 (1995).

S. Tassan and G. M. Ferrari, “An alternative approach to absorption measurements of aquatic particles retained on filters,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 40(8), 1358–1368 (1995).
[Crossref]

M. Babin, J. C. Therriault, L. Legendre, B. Nieke, R. Reuter, and A. Condal, “Relationship between the maximum quantum yield of carbon fixation and the minimum quantum yield of chlorophyll a in vivo fluorescence in the Gulf of St. Lawrence,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 40(5), 956–968 (1995).
[Crossref]

1993 (1)

Z. Kolber and P. G. Falkowski, “Use of active fluorescence to estimate phytoplankton photosynthesis ‘in situ’,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 38(8), 1646–1665 (1993).
[Crossref]

1992 (1)

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, and O. I. Koblentz-Mishke, “Bio-optical relationships for estimating primary production in the ocean,” Oceanologia 33, 5–38 (1992).

1991 (1)

A. Morel, “Light and marine photosynthesis: a spectral model with geochemical and climatological implications,” Prog. Oceanogr. 26(3), 263–306 (1991).
[Crossref]

1989 (1)

D. A. Kiefer, W. S. Chamberlin, and C. R. Booth, “Natural fluorescence of chlorophyll a: relationship to photosynthesis and chlorophyll concentration in the western South Pacific gyre,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 34(5), 868–881 (1989).
[Crossref]

1985 (1)

P. G. Falkowski and D. A. Kiefer, “Chlorophyll a fluorescence in phytoplankton: relationship to photosynthesis and biomass,” J. Plankton Res. 7(5), 715–731 (1985).
[Crossref]

1983 (1)

B. Woźniak, R. Hapter, and B. Maj, “The inflow of solar energy and the irradiance of the euphotic zone in the region of Ezcurra Inlet during the Antarctic summer of 1977/78,” Oceanologia 15, 141–174 (1983).

1978 (1)

L. Gohs, J. Dera, D. Gedziorowska, R. Hapter, M. Jonasz, H. Prandke, H. Siegel, G. Schenkel, J. Olszewski, B. Woźniak, and S. M. Zalewski, “Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung zwischen den optischen, physikalischen, biologischen und chemischen Umweltfaktoren in der Ostsee aus den Jahren 1974, 1975 und 1976 Geod. Geophys,” Veröff. IV, 25 (1978).

1974 (1)

J. Dera, L. Gohs, R. Hapter, W. Kaiser, H. Prandke, W. Rüting, B. Woźniak, and S. M. Zalewski, “Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung zwischen optischen, physikalischen, biologischen und chemischen Umweltfaktoren in der Ostsee Geod. Geophys,” Veröff. IV, 13 (1974).

1973 (1)

B. Woźniak and K. Montwiłł, “The methods and techniques of the optical measurements in the sea,” Stud. Mater. Oceanol. 7, 73–108 (1973).

1971 (1)

J. Dera, “The characteristics of the euphotic zone irradiance in the sea,” Oceanologia 1, 9–98 (in Polish) (1971).

Abbot, M. R.

S. R. Laney, R. M. Letelier, and M. R. Abbot, “Parameterizing the natural fluorescence kinetics of Thalassiosira weissflogii,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 50(5), 1499–1510 (2005).
[Crossref]

Abbott, M. R.

Andre, J. M.

Antoine, D.

Austin, R. W.

J. L. Mueller and R. W. Austin, “Ocean optics protocols for Sea-WiFS validation, revision l,” SeaWiFS technical report series. NASA Tech Memo 25, 7–12 (1995).

Babin, M.

Behrenfeld, M. J.

Booth, C. R.

Borstad, G. A.

Boss, E. S.

Bradtke, K.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

Brown, C. A.

Chamberlin, W. S.

Condal, A.

Cullen, J.

Cullen, J. J.

Dall’Olmo, G.

Dandonneau, Y.

Darecki, M.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. Darecki and D. Stramski, “An evaluation of MODIS and SeaWiFS bio-optical algorithms in the Baltic Sea,” Remote Sens. Environ. 89(3), 326–350 (2004).
[Crossref]

Dera, J.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, and S. Kaczmarek, “Modelling light and photosynthesis in the marine environment,” Oceanologia 45(2), 171–245 (2003).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, S. Kaczmarek, and M. Kuzio, “The current bio-optical study of marine phytoplankton,” Opt. Appl. 32(4), 731–747 (2002).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, and R. Majchrowski, “Dependence of the photosynthesis quantum yield in oceans on environmental factors,” Oceanologia 44(4), 439–459 (2002).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, and O. I. Koblentz-Mishke, “Bio-optical relationships for estimating primary production in the ocean,” Oceanologia 33, 5–38 (1992).

J. Dera, “The characteristics of the euphotic zone irradiance in the sea,” Oceanologia 1, 9–98 (in Polish) (1971).

Doerffer, R.

Doney, S. C.

Dudzinska-Nowak, J.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, L.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

Esaias, W. E.

Falkowski, P. G.

Z. Kolber and P. G. Falkowski, “Use of active fluorescence to estimate phytoplankton photosynthesis ‘in situ’,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 38(8), 1646–1665 (1993).
[Crossref]

P. G. Falkowski and D. A. Kiefer, “Chlorophyll a fluorescence in phytoplankton: relationship to photosynthesis and biomass,” J. Plankton Res. 7(5), 715–731 (1985).
[Crossref]

Feldman, G. C.

Ferrari, G. M.

G. M. Ferrari and S. Tassan, “A method using chemical oxidation to remove light absorption by phytoplankton pigments,” J. Phycol. 35(5), 1090–1098 (1999).
[Crossref]

S. Tassan and G. M. Ferrari, “An alternative approach to absorption measurements of aquatic particles retained on filters,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 40(8), 1358–1368 (1995).
[Crossref]

Ficek, D.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, and S. Kaczmarek, “Modelling light and photosynthesis in the marine environment,” Oceanologia 45(2), 171–245 (2003).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, S. Kaczmarek, and M. Kuzio, “The current bio-optical study of marine phytoplankton,” Opt. Appl. 32(4), 731–747 (2002).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, and R. Majchrowski, “Dependence of the photosynthesis quantum yield in oceans on environmental factors,” Oceanologia 44(4), 439–459 (2002).

Franz, B. A.

Furmanczyk, K.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

Gedziorowska, D.

Gentili, B.

Gohs, L.

Gower, J.

Hapter, R.

Hoge, F. E.

Huot, Y.

Jonasz, M.

Kaczmarek, S.

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, and S. Kaczmarek, “Modelling light and photosynthesis in the marine environment,” Oceanologia 45(2), 171–245 (2003).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, S. Kaczmarek, and M. Kuzio, “The current bio-optical study of marine phytoplankton,” Opt. Appl. 32(4), 731–747 (2002).

Kaiser, W.

Kazemirko, Yu. V.

Kelley, D. E.

Kiefer, D. A.

P. G. Falkowski and D. A. Kiefer, “Chlorophyll a fluorescence in phytoplankton: relationship to photosynthesis and biomass,” J. Plankton Res. 7(5), 715–731 (1985).
[Crossref]

Koblentz-Mishke, O. I.

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, and O. I. Koblentz-Mishke, “Bio-optical relationships for estimating primary production in the ocean,” Oceanologia 33, 5–38 (1992).

Kolber, Z.

Z. Kolber and P. G. Falkowski, “Use of active fluorescence to estimate phytoplankton photosynthesis ‘in situ’,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 38(8), 1646–1665 (1993).
[Crossref]

Konev, Yu. N.

Kowalewski, M.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

Kozlowski, L.

Krezel, A.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

Kunicka, J.

Kuzio, M.

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, S. Kaczmarek, and M. Kuzio, “The current bio-optical study of marine phytoplankton,” Opt. Appl. 32(4), 731–747 (2002).

Laney, S. R.

S. R. Laney, R. M. Letelier, and M. R. Abbot, “Parameterizing the natural fluorescence kinetics of Thalassiosira weissflogii,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 50(5), 1499–1510 (2005).
[Crossref]

Legendre, L.

Letelier, R. M.

S. R. Laney, R. M. Letelier, and M. R. Abbot, “Parameterizing the natural fluorescence kinetics of Thalassiosira weissflogii,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 50(5), 1499–1510 (2005).
[Crossref]

Lewis, M. R.

Lima, I.

Lyon, P. E.

Mahowald, N.

Maj, B.

Majchrowski, R.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, and S. Kaczmarek, “Modelling light and photosynthesis in the marine environment,” Oceanologia 45(2), 171–245 (2003).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, S. Kaczmarek, and M. Kuzio, “The current bio-optical study of marine phytoplankton,” Opt. Appl. 32(4), 731–747 (2002).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, and R. Majchrowski, “Dependence of the photosynthesis quantum yield in oceans on environmental factors,” Oceanologia 44(4), 439–459 (2002).

Maritorena, S.

Matorin, D. N.

McClain, C. R.

Milligan, A. J.

Montwill, K.

B. Woźniak and K. Montwiłł, “The methods and techniques of the optical measurements in the sea,” Stud. Mater. Oceanol. 7, 73–108 (1973).

Moore, J. K.

Morel, A.

A. Morel, “Light and marine photosynthesis: a spectral model with geochemical and climatological implications,” Prog. Oceanogr. 26(3), 263–306 (1991).
[Crossref]

Morrison, J. R.

Mueller, J. L.

J. L. Mueller and R. W. Austin, “Ocean optics protocols for Sea-WiFS validation, revision l,” SeaWiFS technical report series. NASA Tech Memo 25, 7–12 (1995).

Nieke, B.

O’Malley, R. T.

Olszewski, J.

Ostrowska, M.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, and S. Kaczmarek, “Modelling light and photosynthesis in the marine environment,” Oceanologia 45(2), 171–245 (2003).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, S. Kaczmarek, and M. Kuzio, “The current bio-optical study of marine phytoplankton,” Opt. Appl. 32(4), 731–747 (2002).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, and R. Majchrowski, “Dependence of the photosynthesis quantum yield in oceans on environmental factors,” Oceanologia 44(4), 439–459 (2002).

Paszkuta, M.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

Prandke, H.

Reuter, R.

Rubin, A. B.

Rüting, W.

Schallenberg, C.

Schenkel, G.

Siegel, D. A.

T. K. Westberry and D. A. Siegel, “Phytoplankton natural fluorescence variability in theSargasso Sea,” Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 50(3), 417–434 (2003).
[Crossref]

Siegel, H.

Ston-Egiert, J.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

Stramska, M.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

Stramski, D.

M. Darecki and D. Stramski, “An evaluation of MODIS and SeaWiFS bio-optical algorithms in the Baltic Sea,” Remote Sens. Environ. 89(3), 326–350 (2004).
[Crossref]

Swift, R. N.

Tassan, S.

G. M. Ferrari and S. Tassan, “A method using chemical oxidation to remove light absorption by phytoplankton pigments,” J. Phycol. 35(5), 1090–1098 (1999).
[Crossref]

S. Tassan and G. M. Ferrari, “An alternative approach to absorption measurements of aquatic particles retained on filters,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 40(8), 1358–1368 (1995).
[Crossref]

Therriault, J. C.

Venediktov, P. S.

Westberry, T. K.

T. K. Westberry and D. A. Siegel, “Phytoplankton natural fluorescence variability in theSargasso Sea,” Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 50(3), 417–434 (2003).
[Crossref]

Wiggert, J. D.

Wozniak, B.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, and S. Kaczmarek, “Modelling light and photosynthesis in the marine environment,” Oceanologia 45(2), 171–245 (2003).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, S. Kaczmarek, and M. Kuzio, “The current bio-optical study of marine phytoplankton,” Opt. Appl. 32(4), 731–747 (2002).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, and R. Majchrowski, “Dependence of the photosynthesis quantum yield in oceans on environmental factors,” Oceanologia 44(4), 439–459 (2002).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, and O. I. Koblentz-Mishke, “Bio-optical relationships for estimating primary production in the ocean,” Oceanologia 33, 5–38 (1992).

B. Woźniak and K. Montwiłł, “The methods and techniques of the optical measurements in the sea,” Stud. Mater. Oceanol. 7, 73–108 (1973).

Wozniak, S. B.

Yungel, J. K.

Zalewski, S. M.

Zapadka, T.

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (2)

Biogeosc. (1)

Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. (1)

T. K. Westberry and D. A. Siegel, “Phytoplankton natural fluorescence variability in theSargasso Sea,” Deep Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 50(3), 417–434 (2003).
[Crossref]

Deep-Sea Res. (1)

Global Biogeochem. Cycles (1)

Int. J. Remote Sens. (1)

J. Geophys. Res. (1)

J. Phycol. (1)

G. M. Ferrari and S. Tassan, “A method using chemical oxidation to remove light absorption by phytoplankton pigments,” J. Phycol. 35(5), 1090–1098 (1999).
[Crossref]

J. Plankton Res. (2)

P. G. Falkowski and D. A. Kiefer, “Chlorophyll a fluorescence in phytoplankton: relationship to photosynthesis and biomass,” J. Plankton Res. 7(5), 715–731 (1985).
[Crossref]

J. Rem. Sens. (1)

Limnol. Oceanogr. (6)

S. R. Laney, R. M. Letelier, and M. R. Abbot, “Parameterizing the natural fluorescence kinetics of Thalassiosira weissflogii,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 50(5), 1499–1510 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Tassan and G. M. Ferrari, “An alternative approach to absorption measurements of aquatic particles retained on filters,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 40(8), 1358–1368 (1995).
[Crossref]

Z. Kolber and P. G. Falkowski, “Use of active fluorescence to estimate phytoplankton photosynthesis ‘in situ’,” Limnol. Oceanogr. 38(8), 1646–1665 (1993).
[Crossref]

Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods (1)

Oceanologia (10)

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, and O. I. Koblentz-Mishke, “Bio-optical relationships for estimating primary production in the ocean,” Oceanologia 33, 5–38 (1992).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, and S. Kaczmarek, “Modelling light and photosynthesis in the marine environment,” Oceanologia 45(2), 171–245 (2003).

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, and R. Majchrowski, “Dependence of the photosynthesis quantum yield in oceans on environmental factors,” Oceanologia 44(4), 439–459 (2002).

Opt. Appl. (1)

B. Woźniak, J. Dera, D. Ficek, M. Ostrowska, R. Majchrowski, S. Kaczmarek, and M. Kuzio, “The current bio-optical study of marine phytoplankton,” Opt. Appl. 32(4), 731–747 (2002).

Proc. SPIE (1)

Prog. Oceanogr. (1)

A. Morel, “Light and marine photosynthesis: a spectral model with geochemical and climatological implications,” Prog. Oceanogr. 26(3), 263–306 (1991).
[Crossref]

Remote Sens. Environ. (2)

M. Darecki and D. Stramski, “An evaluation of MODIS and SeaWiFS bio-optical algorithms in the Baltic Sea,” Remote Sens. Environ. 89(3), 326–350 (2004).
[Crossref]

SeaWiFS technical report series. NASA Tech Memo (1)

J. L. Mueller and R. W. Austin, “Ocean optics protocols for Sea-WiFS validation, revision l,” SeaWiFS technical report series. NASA Tech Memo 25, 7–12 (1995).

Stud. Mater. Oceanol. (1)

B. Woźniak and K. Montwiłł, “The methods and techniques of the optical measurements in the sea,” Stud. Mater. Oceanol. 7, 73–108 (1973).

Transactions Russian Acad. Sci. - Earth Sci. Sec. (1)

Veröff. (2)

Other (9)

M. Ostrowska, “Dependence of quantum yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence in the sea on environmental factors - the preliminary results,” in Proceedings of Ocean Optics XX conference, (Anchorage, Alaska 2010).

J. D. H. Strickland and T. R. Parsons, “A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Pigment analysis,” Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 167, 1–311 (1968).

J. Dera, “The characteristics of the euphotic zone irradiance in the sea,” Oceanologia 1, 9–98 (in Polish) (1971).

B. Woźniak and J. Dera, Light absorption in sea water (Springer, New York, 2007).

J. Dera, Underwater Irradiance as a Factor Affecting Primary Production (Diss. and Mon. IO PAN, Sopot 7, 1995).

M. Ostrowska, The application of fluorescence methods to the study of marine photosynthesis (Diss. and Monogr. IO PAN, Sopot, 15 (in Polish), 2001).

D. Ficek, Modelling the quantum yield of photosynthesis in various marine systems (Diss. and Monogr, IO PAN, Sopot, 14 in Polish, 2001).

B. Woźniak, K. Bradtke, M. Darecki, J. Dera, J. Dudzińska-Nowak, L. Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, D. Ficek, K. Furmańczyk, M. Kowalewski, A. Krężel, R. Majchrowski, M. Ostrowska, M. Paszkuta, J. Stoń-Egiert, M. Stramska, and T. Zapadka, “SatBałtyk - a Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system - an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: practical applicability and preliminary results,” Oceanologia 53(4), doi:. 925, 925–958 (2011).
[Crossref]

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Fig. 1 Empirical dependence of the sun-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence quantum yield

Φ_{f l}

on the underwater irradiance PAR, recorded at all measurement points at different depths in different regions of the Baltic Sea and Atlantic Ocean (a); relations averaged for oligotrophic and mesotrophic waters with relatively low chlorophyll a concentrations and for eutrophic waters with relatively high chlorophyll a concentrations. The vertical intervals on the profiles correspond to the standard deviations of

Φ_{f l}

(b).

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 2 Empirical dependence of the sun-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence quantum yield

Φ_{f l}

on the chlorophyll a concentration

C_{a} (0)

in the surface water layer, i.e. the trophic index of the basin, recorded at all measurement points at different depths in different regions of the Baltic Sea and Atlantic Ocean (a); relation averaged for relatively high levels of underwater PAR(z) irradiance [PAR(z) >20 μEin m⁻²s⁻¹] and relatively low levels of underwater PAR(z) irradiance [PAR(z) <20 μEin m⁻²s⁻¹]. The vertical intervals on the profiles correspond to the standard deviations of

Φ_{f l}

(b).

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3 Empirical dependence of the quantum yield of fluorescence

Φ_{f l}

on temperature in the sea temp [°C] recorded at all measurement points at different depths in different regions of the Baltic Sea and Atlantic Ocean (a); averaged plot of interrelationship (dashed line). The respective vertical and horizontal sections depict the changes of standard deviations of recorded values of quantum yield of fluorescence

Φ_{f l}

and the temperature temp (b).

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 4 The dependence between the quantum yield of fluorescence

Φ_{f l, 0}

associated with the fluorescence component F₀ and the surface concentration of chlorophyll a

C_{a} (0)

in a basin. The positions of the empirical points (a), and the means and standard deviations (b). Continuous curve - the corresponding hyperbolic relationships (see Eq. (20)).

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 5 Dependence of the model yield

Φ_{f l}

(calculated on the basis of Eqs. (12)-(18),(20) on the underwater irradiance PAR in different trophic types of basins with surface chlorophyll concentrations

C_{a} (0)

varying from 0.035 to 7 mg m⁻³: for a surface irradiance PAR = 1500 [

μ Ein \cdot m^{- 2} \cdot s^{- 1}

] and temp = 15

{}^{\circ}C

(a); for a surface irradiance PAR varying from 300 to 1500 (every 300) [

μ Ein \cdot m^{- 2} \cdot s^{- 1}

] and temp = 15

{}^{\circ}C

(b); for different temperatures in the sea varying from 5 to 30 (every 5)

{}^{\circ}C

and a surface irradiance PAR = 1500 [

μ Ein \cdot m^{- 2} \cdot s^{- 1}

] (c).

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 6 Comparison of quantum yields of fluorescence: determined empirically (

Φ_{f l, m e a s}

) in different water basins and at different depths and calculated with the aid of the present model (

Φ_{f l, c a l c}

) (a); histogram of the ratio

Φ_{f l, c a l c} / Φ_{m e a s}

(b).

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Tables (2)

Table 1 List of the abbreviations and symbols used in the text

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Table 2 Errors of estimation of the fluorescence quantum yield $Φ_{f l}$

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Equations (20)

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\frac{d L_{int, f l} (z')}{d z'} = \frac{1}{4 π} Φ_{f l} (z') {\tilde{a}}_{p l} (z') P A R_{0} (z')

\frac{d L_{int, f l, z} (z')}{d z'} = \frac{d L_{int, f l} (z')}{d z'} e^{- \int_{z}^{z'} K_{L, u, 683 n m} (z') d z'} \approx \frac{d L_{int, f l} (z')}{d z'} e^{- \int_{z}^{z'} a_{683 n m} (z') d z'}

\frac{d L_{int, f l, z} (z')}{d z'} = \frac{1}{4 π} Φ_{f l} (z') {\tilde{a}}_{p l} (z') P A R_{0} (z') e^{- \int_{z}^{z'} K_{L, u, 683 n m} (z') d z'}

L_{int, f l, z} = \frac{P A R_{0, z} {\tilde{a}}_{p l, z}}{4 π} \int_{\infty}^{z} Φ_{f l} (z') e^{- (K_{0, z} + K_{L, u, 683 n m, z}) \cdot (z' - z)} d z'

\begin{array}{l} Φ_{f l, z}^{a p p} = {[\int_{\infty}^{z} e^{- ((K_{0, z} + K_{L, u 683 n m, z}) \cdot (z' - z))} d z']}^{- 1} \int_{\infty}^{z} Φ_{f l} (z') e^{^{- ((K_{0, z} + K_{L, u, 683 n m, z}) \cdot (z' - z))}} d z' = \\ = (K_{0, z} + K_{L, u, 683 n m, z}) \int_{\infty}^{z} Φ_{f l} (z') e^{^{- ((K_{0, z} + K_{L, u, 683 n m, z}) \cdot (z' - z))}} d z' \end{array}

L_{int, f l, z} = \frac{P A R_{0, z} {\tilde{a}}_{p l, z}}{4 π} Φ_{f l, z}^{a p p} \frac{1}{K_{0, z} + K_{L, u, 683 n m, z}}

Φ_{f l, z}^{a p p} = 4 π \frac{L_{int, f l, z} [K_{0, z} + K_{L, u, 683 n m, z}]}{{\tilde{a}}_{p l, z} P A R_{0, z}} \approx 4 π \frac{L_{int, f l, z} [K_{0, z} + a_{683 n m, z}]}{{\tilde{a}}_{p l, z} P A R_{0, z}}

\frac{Φ_{f l, z}^{}}{Φ_{f l, z}^{a p p}} = \frac{K_{0, z} - {(Φ_{f l, z}^{a p p})}^{- 1} \frac{d Φ_{f l, z}^{a p p}}{d z} + K_{L, u, 683 n m, z}}{K_{0, z} + K_{L, u, 683 n m, z}}

\begin{array}{l} Φ_{f l, z} = 4 π \frac{L_{int, f l, z} [K_{0, z} - {(Φ_{f l, z}^{a p p})}^{- 1} \frac{d Φ_{f l, z}^{a p p}}{d z} + K_{L, u, 683 n m, z}]}{{\tilde{a}}_{p l, z} P A R_{0, z}} \approx \\ \approx 4 π \frac{L_{int, f l, z} [K_{0, z} - {(Φ_{f l, z}^{a p p})}^{- 1} \frac{d Φ_{f l, z}^{a p p}}{d z} + a_{683 n m, z}]}{{\tilde{a}}_{p l, z} P A R_{0, z}} \end{array}

\frac{1}{Φ_{f l, z}^{a p p}} \frac{d Φ_{f l, z}^{a p p}}{d z} \approx \frac{1}{z_{u} - z_{d}} \ln \frac{Φ_{f l, z_{u}}^{a p p}}{Φ_{f l, z_{d}}^{a p p}}

Φ = Φ_{M A X} \cdot f_{a} \cdot f_{Δ} \cdot f_{c (C_{a} (0))} \cdot f_{c (P A R i n h)} \cdot f_{E, t}

Φ_{f l} = Φ_{f l, 0} + Φ_{f l, v}

Φ_{f l, v} = Φ_{f l, v, M A X} \cdot f_{f l, a} \cdot f_{f l, Δ} \cdot f_{f l, c (C a (0))} \cdot f_{f l, c (P A R i n h)} \cdot f_{f l, E, t}

f_{f l, a} = \frac{{\tilde{a}}_{p l, P S P}^{*}}{{\tilde{a}}_{p l}^{*}}

f_{f l, Δ} \approx 0.408 \pm 0.105

f_{f l, c (P A R_{i n h}, t e m p)} = \exp (\frac{- 4860746 P A R^{2}}{{2.23}^{t e m p / 10}})

f_{f l, E, t} = 1 - [1 - \exp (\frac{- P U R_{P S P}^{*}}{5.237 10^{- 7} {2.03}^{\frac{t e m p}{10}}})] \frac{5.237 10^{- 7} {2.03}^{\frac{t e m p}{10}}}{P U R_{P S P}^{*}}

f_{f l, c (C_{a} (0))} = \frac{0.44}{0.44 + C_{a} {(0)}^{0.66}}

Φ_{f l, 0} = Φ_{f l, m e a s} - Φ_{f l, v, c a l c}

Φ_{f l, 0} = 0.00712 C_{a} {(0)}^{- 0.402}

Symbol	Denotes	Units
_$a$	Coefficient of light absorption	m⁻¹
_{$a_{p l}$}	Coefficient of light absorption by phytoplankton	m⁻¹
_{${\tilde{a}}_{p l}$}	Mean absorption coefficient for all phytoplankton pigments weighted by the irradiance spectrum	m⁻¹
_{${\tilde{a}}_{p l}^{*}$}	Mean mass-specific absorption coefficient for all pigments weighted by the irradiance spectrum	m²(mg tot.chla)⁻¹
_{${\tilde{a}}_{p l, P S P}^{*}$}	Mean mass-specific absorption coefficient of photosynthetic pigments weighted by the irradiance spectrum	m²(mg tot.chla)⁻¹
C_a	Concentration of total chlorophyll a (i.e. sum of chlorophylls a + pheo derived spectrophotometrically)	mg tot.chla m⁻³
CDOM	Colored dissolved organic matter
E_d	Downward irradiance spectra in the PAR spectral range (400 to 700 nm)	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹nm⁻¹
E₀	Scalar irradiance spectra in the PAR spectral range (400 to 700 nm)	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹nm⁻¹
$f_{a}, f_{f l, a}$	Non-photosynthetic pigment absorption factors	dimensionless
$f_{f l}, f_{f l, Δ}$	Inefficiency factors in energy transfer and charge recombination	dimensionless
$f_{c (C_{a} (0))}, f_{f l, c (C_{a} (0))}$	Factors describing the effect of surface chlorophyll a concentration on the portion of functional PS2 RC for photosynthesis and fluorescence respectively	dimensionless
$f_{f l, c (P A R_{i n h}, t e m p)}, f_{f l, c (P A R_{i n h}, t e m p)}$	Factors describing the reduction in the portion of functional PS2 RC as a result of photoinhibition	dimensionless
$f_{E, t}$	Classic dependence of photosynthesis on light and temperature also known as the light curve of photosynthesis efficiency at a given temperature	dimensionless
$f_{f l, E, t}$	Factor describing the effect of irradiance and temperature on phytoplankton fluorescence	dimensionless
F₀	Constant fluorescence	arbitrary units
F_v	Variable fluorescence	arbitrary units
K_d	Downwelling irradiance attenuation coefficient	m⁻¹
K_L,u	Attenuation coefficient of vertical radiance at the nadir	m⁻¹
K₀	Scalar irradiance PAR₀ attenuation coefficient	m⁻¹
L_u	Water leaving radiance at the nadir	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹srad⁻¹
L_int,fl	Part of the total in the chlorophyll a fluorescence band upwelling radiance at the nadir due to fluorescence	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹srad⁻¹
PS2 RC	Reaction Centre in photosynthetic apparatus
PAR	Photosynthetically Available Radiation
PAR	Downward irradiance in the PAR spectral range (400 - 700 nm)	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹
PAR(0)	Downward irradiance in the PAR spectral range (400 - 700 nm) just below surface	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹
PAR₀	Scalar irradiance in the PAR spectral range (400 - 700 nm)	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹
PUR*_PSP	Number of quanta absorbed by photosynthetic pigments in unit time referred to unit mass of chlorophyll a	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹
SICF	Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
SPM	Suspended particulate matter
Temp	Ambient water temperature	°C
z, z’	Real depths in the sea	m
$τ$	Optical depth in the sea	dimensionless
$λ$	Wavelength of the light	nm
$Φ$	Quantum yield of photosynthesis	mol atC Ein⁻¹ or Ein Ein⁻¹
$Φ_{f l}$	Quantum yield of fluorescence	Ein Ein⁻¹ i.e. dimensionless
$Φ_{f l, 0}$	Quantum yield of fluorescence, associated with the constant fluorescence F₀	Ein Ein⁻¹ i.e. dimensionless
$Φ_{f l, v}$	Quantum yield of fluorescence, associated with the variable fluorescence F_v	Ein Ein⁻¹ i.e. dimensionless
$Φ_{M A X}$	Theoretical maximum possible quantum yield of photosynthesis	atomC quanta⁻¹ or molC Ein⁻¹
$Φ_{f l, v, M A X}$	Theoretical maximum possible quantum yield of fluorescence	Ein Ein⁻¹ i.e. dimensionless

Arithmetic statistics		Logarithmic statistics
systematic error	statistical error	systematic error	standard error factor	statistical error
$〈 ε 〉$ [%]	$σ_{ε}$ [%]	${〈 ε 〉}_{g}$ [%]	x	$σ_{-}$ [%]	$σ_{+}$ [%]
3.20	61.7	−6.56	1.68	−40.5	68.0

Symbol	Denotes	Units
_$a$	Coefficient of light absorption	m⁻¹
_{$a_{p l}$}	Coefficient of light absorption by phytoplankton	m⁻¹
_{${\tilde{a}}_{p l}$}	Mean absorption coefficient for all phytoplankton pigments weighted by the irradiance spectrum	m⁻¹
_{${\tilde{a}}_{p l}^{*}$}	Mean mass-specific absorption coefficient for all pigments weighted by the irradiance spectrum	m²(mg tot.chla)⁻¹
_{${\tilde{a}}_{p l, P S P}^{*}$}	Mean mass-specific absorption coefficient of photosynthetic pigments weighted by the irradiance spectrum	m²(mg tot.chla)⁻¹
C_a	Concentration of total chlorophyll a (i.e. sum of chlorophylls a + pheo derived spectrophotometrically)	mg tot.chla m⁻³
CDOM	Colored dissolved organic matter
E_d	Downward irradiance spectra in the PAR spectral range (400 to 700 nm)	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹nm⁻¹
E₀	Scalar irradiance spectra in the PAR spectral range (400 to 700 nm)	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹nm⁻¹
$f_{a}, f_{f l, a}$	Non-photosynthetic pigment absorption factors	dimensionless
$f_{f l}, f_{f l, Δ}$	Inefficiency factors in energy transfer and charge recombination	dimensionless
$f_{c (C_{a} (0))}, f_{f l, c (C_{a} (0))}$	Factors describing the effect of surface chlorophyll a concentration on the portion of functional PS2 RC for photosynthesis and fluorescence respectively	dimensionless
$f_{f l, c (P A R_{i n h}, t e m p)}, f_{f l, c (P A R_{i n h}, t e m p)}$	Factors describing the reduction in the portion of functional PS2 RC as a result of photoinhibition	dimensionless
$f_{E, t}$	Classic dependence of photosynthesis on light and temperature also known as the light curve of photosynthesis efficiency at a given temperature	dimensionless
$f_{f l, E, t}$	Factor describing the effect of irradiance and temperature on phytoplankton fluorescence	dimensionless
F₀	Constant fluorescence	arbitrary units
F_v	Variable fluorescence	arbitrary units
K_d	Downwelling irradiance attenuation coefficient	m⁻¹
K_L,u	Attenuation coefficient of vertical radiance at the nadir	m⁻¹
K₀	Scalar irradiance PAR₀ attenuation coefficient	m⁻¹
L_u	Water leaving radiance at the nadir	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹srad⁻¹
L_int,fl	Part of the total in the chlorophyll a fluorescence band upwelling radiance at the nadir due to fluorescence	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹srad⁻¹
PS2 RC	Reaction Centre in photosynthetic apparatus
PAR	Photosynthetically Available Radiation
PAR	Downward irradiance in the PAR spectral range (400 - 700 nm)	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹
PAR(0)	Downward irradiance in the PAR spectral range (400 - 700 nm) just below surface	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹
PAR₀	Scalar irradiance in the PAR spectral range (400 - 700 nm)	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹
PUR*_PSP	Number of quanta absorbed by photosynthetic pigments in unit time referred to unit mass of chlorophyll a	μEin m⁻²s⁻¹
SICF	Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
SPM	Suspended particulate matter
Temp	Ambient water temperature	°C
z, z’	Real depths in the sea	m
$τ$	Optical depth in the sea	dimensionless
$λ$	Wavelength of the light	nm
$Φ$	Quantum yield of photosynthesis	mol atC Ein⁻¹ or Ein Ein⁻¹
$Φ_{f l}$	Quantum yield of fluorescence	Ein Ein⁻¹ i.e. dimensionless
$Φ_{f l, 0}$	Quantum yield of fluorescence, associated with the constant fluorescence F₀	Ein Ein⁻¹ i.e. dimensionless
$Φ_{f l, v}$	Quantum yield of fluorescence, associated with the variable fluorescence F_v	Ein Ein⁻¹ i.e. dimensionless
$Φ_{M A X}$	Theoretical maximum possible quantum yield of photosynthesis	atomC quanta⁻¹ or molC Ein⁻¹
$Φ_{f l, v, M A X}$	Theoretical maximum possible quantum yield of fluorescence	Ein Ein⁻¹ i.e. dimensionless

Arithmetic statistics		Logarithmic statistics
systematic error	statistical error	systematic error	standard error factor	statistical error
$〈 ε 〉$ [%]	$σ_{ε}$ [%]	${〈 ε 〉}_{g}$ [%]	x	$σ_{-}$ [%]	$σ_{+}$ [%]
3.20	61.7	−6.56	1.68	−40.5	68.0