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Complete pulse characterization of quantum-dot mode-locked lasers suitable for optical communication up to 160 Gbit/s

H. Schmeckebier, G. Fiol, C. Meuer, D. Arsenijević, and D. Bimberg

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

A complete characterization of pulse shape and phase of a 1.3 µm, monolithic-two-section, quantum-dot mode-locked laser (QD-MLL) at a repetition rate of 40 GHz is presented, based on frequency resolved optical gating. We show that the pulse broadening of the QD-MLL is caused by linear chirp for all values of current and voltage investigated here. The chirp increases with the current at the gain section, whereas larger bias at the absorber section leads to less chirp and therefore to shorter pulses. Pulse broadening is observed at very high bias, likely due to the quantum confined stark effect. Passive- and hybrid-QD-MLL pulses are directly compared. Improved pulse intensity profiles are found for hybrid mode locking. Via linear chirp compensation pulse widths down to 700 fs can be achieved independent of current and bias, resulting in a significantly increased overall mode-locking range of 101 MHz. The suitability of QD-MLL chirp compensated pulse combs for optical communication up to 160 Gbit/s using optical-time-division multiplexing are demonstrated by eye diagrams and autocorrelation measurements.

©2010 Optical Society of America

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Figures (11)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Sketch of the SHG-FROG setup.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 SGS current and SAS reverse bias dependent pulse FWHM, derived from autocorrelation measurements, assuming a Gaussian pulse shape. Black circles mark the values of the SGS current and the SAS reverse bias investigated by FROG.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Measured FROG spectrogram of the passive-mode-locked laser at 60 mA gain section current and −8 V absorber section reverse bias.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Retrieved pulse intensity profile and temporal chirp for different SGS currents (left column) and SAS reverse biases (right column) of the passive-mode-locked device including the respective retrieval error ε.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Retrieved pulse FWHM and linear spectral chirp for varying SGS current at constant SAS reverse bias of −8 V (left) and for varying SAS reverse bias at constant SGS current of 60 mA (right) for passive mode-locking.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 RF spectra (left) and retrieved pulse intensities with the respective retrieval error ε (right) of passive-(PMLL) and hybrid-(HMLL) mode-locked device with 60 mA SGS current and −8 V SAS reverse bias and an external frequency inside and outside of the mode-locking range.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Experimental measured FROG spectrogram of the chirp-compensated PMLL (left top) and HMLL (left bottom) with 60 mA SGS current and −8 V SAS reverse bias. Corresponding retrieved pulse intensity profiles and chirps with the respective retrieval error ε together with the chirped pulse intensities and chirps (right).

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 PMLL retrieved pulse FWHM and linear spectral chirp for varying SGS current at constant SAS reverse bias of −8 V (left) and for varying SAS reverse bias at constant SGS current of 60 mA (right) of the pulse compressed passive mode-locked device.

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Fig. 9
Fig. 9 Edges of the mode-locking range for varying SGS currents at constant SAS reverse bias of −8 V and for varying SAS reverse bias at constant SGS currents of 60 mA.

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Fig. 10
Fig. 10 RZ eye diagram for 40 Gbit/s with PRBS-31 (left) and multiplexed 80 Gbit/s with PRBS-7 (right) of the hybrid-mode-locked device with 80 mA SGS current and −8 V SAS reverse bias.

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Fig. 11
Fig. 11 Autocorrelation measurement (left) and via FROG retrieved pulse comb (right) of the hybrid mode-locked device with 60 mA SGS current and −8 V SAS reverse bias multiplexed up to around 160 GHz.

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