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Dispersion measurement of ultra-high numerical aperture fibers covering thulium, holmium, and erbium emission wavelengths

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Abstract

We present broadband group velocity dispersion (GVD) measurements of commercially available ultra-high numerical aperture fibers (UHNA1, UHNA3, UHNA4, UHNA7, and PM2000D from Coherent-Nufern). Although these fibers are attractive for dispersion management in ultra-fast fiber laser systems in the 2 μm wavelength region, experimental dispersion data in the literature is scarce and inconsistent. Here we demonstrate the measurements using the spectral interferometry technique covering the typically used erbium, thulium, and holmium emission bands. The results are characterized in terms of the standard-deviation uncertainty and compared with previous literature reports. Fitting parameters are provided for each fiber allowing for the straightforward replication of the measured dispersion profiles. This work is intended to facilitate the design of ultra-fast fiber laser sources and the investigations of nonlinear optical phenomena.

© 2018 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (5)

NameDescription
Data File 1       Dataset containing group velocity dispersion parameter D (ps/nm/km) for UHNA1 Ultra-High Numerical Aperture Fiber (Coherent-Nufern) in the range 1200-2400 nm.
Data File 2       Dataset containing group velocity dispersion parameter D (ps/nm/km) for UHNA3 Ultra-High Numerical Aperture Fiber (Coherent-Nufern) in the range 1410-2200 nm.
Data File 3       Dataset containing group velocity dispersion parameter D (ps/nm/km) for UHNA4 Ultra-High Numerical Aperture Fiber (Coherent-Nufern) in the range 1200-2400 nm.
Data File 4       Dataset containing group velocity dispersion parameter D (ps/nm/km) for UHNA7 Ultra-High Numerical Aperture Fiber (Coherent-Nufern) in the range 1420-2325 nm.
Data File 5       Dataset containing group velocity dispersion parameter D (ps/nm/km) for PM2000D Ultra-High Numerical Aperture Fiber (Coherent-Nufern) in the range 1420-2400 nm.

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Figures (7)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Experimental setup and workflow for obtaining dispersion by assigning the interference order i to the positions of peaks and valleys of the spectral interferogram. SC, supercontinuum source; M, silver mirror; P, polarizer; BS, beam splitter; G, gradient neutral-density filter; L, lenses; A, polarization analyzer; SMF, single-mode fiber; OSA, optical spectrum analyzer; PC, personal computer.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Measured dispersion D of a standard single-mode fiber SMF-28 Ultra compared with the manufacturer’s specification available in the 1200–1625 nm region [27].
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Dispersion of the UHNA1 fiber (black line) presented in terms of the dispersion parameter D (top) and group velocity dispersion β2 (bottom). Dashed lines denote the standard-deviation uncertainty ranges. Literature values (squares) are provided for comparison.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Dispersion of the UHNA3 fiber (black line) presented in terms of the dispersion parameter D (top) and group velocity dispersion β2 (bottom) with dashed lines designating the standard-deviation uncertainty ranges. Squares denote the literature values provided for orientation purposes.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Dispersion of the UHNA4 fiber (black line) presented in terms of the dispersion parameter D (top) and group delay dispersion β2 (bottom). Dashed lines denote the standard-deviation uncertainty ranges. Literature values (squares) are included for comparison purposes.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Dispersion of the UHNA7 fiber (black line) presented in terms of the dispersion parameter D (top), group delay dispersion β2 (bottom), and third-order dispersion β3 (bottom inset). Dashed lines denote the standard-deviation uncertainty regions. Literature values (squares) are provided for comparison.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Dispersion of the PM2000D fiber (black line—fast axis, red line—slow axis) given as the dispersion parameter D (top) and group velocity dispersion β2 (bottom). Dashed lines denote the standard-deviation uncertainty ranges, and squares designate the manufacturer-specified values.

Tables (1)

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Table 1. Fitting Parameters for Reproducing the Measured Dispersion Parameter D Using Eq. (5)a

Equations (6)

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Lln(λ)z=mλ,
[Lln(λ)z]/λ=m+i.
n(λ)=A1λ4+A2λ2+A3+A4λ2+A5λ4.
i=a1λ5+a2λ3+a3λ1+a4λ+a5λ3m,
D(λ)=1cdN(λ)dλ=1c(20A1λ56A2λ32A4λ12A5λ3),
N(λ)=n(λ)λdn(λ)dλ.
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