C. Weldon Mathews, M. L. Ginter, D. S. Ginter, and C. M. Brown, "Absorption spectrum of Bi I in the 2022- to 1307-Å region," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 1627-1643 (1989)
The high-resolution absorption spectrum of Bi i is reported for the
2022–1307 Å region. Transitions have been observed from the ground state of Bi i to levels with
J ≤ 5/2 and even parity built on the ground term
6p23P of Bi ii. Levels with n
values as large as 63 are determined from spectra observed below the
6p23P0 limit near 1701.792 Å, and a
complete assignment of these data to three J = 1/2,
four J =3/2, and three J = 5/2
channels based on a multichannel analysis is presented. To shorter wavelengths,
the extensive spectrum observed between the 6p23P0 and 6p23P2 limits provides hundreds of new
energy levels. Although a number of options are discussed, it was not possible
to provide unambiguous assignments for these data. Ionization energies of 58
761.65 ± 0.05, 72 087.4 ± 0.3, and 75 793.8 ± 0.4
cm−1 were determined for the
6p23P0, 6p23P1, and 6p23P2 limits, respectively.
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Relative transition intensities based on visual estimates and intended
only as a qualitative guide to the reader. J value of core, with 0, 1, or 2 representing
6p23P0,
6p23P1, or
6p23P2, respectively.
Based on the 6p23P0 ionization energy of 58761.65
cm−1 (see text).
Based on the 6p23P1 ionization energy of 72087.40
cm−1 (see text).
The assignments using nl and LS term
designations are primarily for reader convenience and should not be
interpreted as rigorous (see text). hf indicates hyperfine-structure
components.
Possibly a J ≤ 5/2 level built on the
6p23P2 core (see Section 4).
Table 2
Absorption Spectrum of Bi i in the 1656–1387 Å
Region
Relative transition intensities based on visual estimates and intended
only as a qualitative guide to the reader.
Estimates of full line width at half-maximum.
Identifiable (see text) Rydberg series built on the
6p23P1 core. Four series, labeled A
through D, are indicated.
Based on the 6p23P1 ionization energy of 72
087.40 cm−1 (see text).
Based on the 6p23P2 ionization energy of 75 793.8
cm−1 (see text).
Unless specified otherwise here, a level can have any J
≤ 5/2. Members assigned to two series converging on the
6p23P2 limit are labeled X or Y. E,
sh, and ? signify an emissionlike feature (see text), a shoulder on
another line, and a questionable bismuth line, respectively. Other data
that limit J, previous level designations, and
alternative interpretations of experimental observations appear in
subsequent footnotes referenced in this column. Regarding
J-limiting assignments, emission lines reported in
Refs. 5, 15, 28, and in G. R. Toshnival, Phil. Mag. 4, 774 (1927) were
searched to find transitions between states in this table and known
lower-lying odd-parity levels. Transition sets that limit
J are identified by level numbers, where 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, and 7 correspond to six low-lying odd parity levels in Ref. 8 that are, , , , ,
6p2(3P0)7p[1]1/2°,
and
6p2(3P0)7p[1]3/2°,
respectively.
Transitions observed to 2 and 4.
Transitions observed to 1, 2, and possibly 3. Single symmetric
measurement listed that possibly could be two blended lines: 60 383.8
and 60 385.6 cm−1.
Transitions observed to 2, 3, and 5. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P1)ns4P3/2. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P1)ns2P1/2.
Transitions observed to 4. A shoulder on this line was measured at 61
655.0 cm−1. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P2)nd.
Transitions observed to 2, 3, 4, and 7. Reference 2 labeled as
6p2(3P2)6d
J = 3/2.
Transitions observed to 2, 4, and possibly 3. The transition to level 4
would preclude the previous J = 5/2
assignment. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P2)ns4P5/2.
Transitions observed to 3 and 5 and possibly to 2 and 4. Reference 2 assigned as
6p2(3P2)8s2P3/2.
Transitions observed to 2, 3, and possibly 4 (blended). If the last
transition were better determined, J could be
restricted to 3/2. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P1)nd
J = 5/2.
Transitions observed to 4 and 5. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P1)nd
J = 1/2.
Transitions observed to 2 and 4. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P1)nd
J = 3/2.
Transitions observed to 2, 4, and 5.
Emissionlike feature possibly associated with this line at 67 383.39
cm−1.
Transition observed to level 2.
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two blended lines: 68 047.91 and
68 048.94 cm−1.
Transitions observed to 2, 3, and possibly 4; would preclude
J = 1/2 and possibly J
= 5/2.
There may be a sharp line superimposed upon this diffuse line. Reference 2 assigned as
6p2(3P1)11s4P3/2 and reported a second level
at 69 125.8 cm−1 assigned to
6p2(3P2)9s2P3/2, which we do not
observe.
Transition observed to 3 would preclude J =
1/2.
Symmetric measurement listed. The appearance of this feature is of a
broad diffuse absorption line with a sharp emission line superimposed
near its center. An alternative interpretation could be that the feature
consists of two absorption features at 70 929.21 cm−1
[Intensity (Int) 80, width 3] and 70 934.25
cm−1 (Int. 100, width 4) with a central
emissionlike feature (Fano window) at 70 931.45
cm−1.
This line appears to have a sharp violet edge at 71 422.28
cm−1 (Int. 5).
Another line may exist at 71 500.44 cm−1 (Int. 3). Reference 2 assigned as
6p2(3P2)10s2P3/2.
This line appears to have a sharp violet edge at 71 514.52
cm−1 (Int. 2, width 1).
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two blended lines: a peak at 71
550.14 cm−1 (Int. 40) with a shoulder at 71 551.04
cm−1.
Possibly blended with CO.
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two blended lines with poorly
resolved peaks at 72 020.89 cm−1 (Int. 1) and 72
021.92 cm−1 (Int. 1).
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two blended lines with poorly
resolved peaks at 72 024.00 cm−1 (Int. 1) and 72
024.96 cm−1 (Int. 1).
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two blended lines with poorly
resolved peaks at 72 032.40 cm−1 (Int. 1) and 72
033.24 cm−1 (Int. 1).
Uncertainties ±0.3 cm−1.
Table 3
Absorption Spectrum of Bi I in the 1380-1320-Å
Region
Relative transition intensities based on visual estimates (see footnote
a to Table
1).
Estimates of full linewidth at half-maximum.
Identifiable (see text) Rydberg series built on the
6p23P2 core. Three series, labeled
X, Y, and Z, are indicated.
Based on the 6p23P2 ionization energy of 75
794.00 cm−1 (see text).
See footnote f to Table
2. Pk, sym, and sh signify values for peak, symmetrical, and
shoulder measurements, respectively. E indicates an emissionlike feature
that actually is a minimum in absorption (a Fano window), while ?
signifies a line of questionable attribution to Bi i.
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two unresolved absorption peaks at
72 464.25 and 72 465.72 cm−1
Reference assigned as a member of
6p2(3P2)nd. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P2)ns4P5/2. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P2)ns2P1/2(?).
This line appears sharp but may be part of the line at 74 352.96
cm−1.
A questionable and unlisted feature at 74 353.66 cm−1
(Int. 30) appears on some exposures. The reported line may be a blend of
two lines.
E feature possibly associated with 75 004.78 cm−1.
The peak of this line is at 75 044.44 cm−1.
E feature possibly associated with 75 115.96 cm−1.
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two unresolved lines at 75 153.35
and 75 155.06 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 210.70 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 213.75 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 241.63 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 256.51 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 287.28 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 312.58 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 349.62 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 401.08 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 444.18 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 480.82 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 512.02 cm−1.
Possibly blended with CO.
Uncertainties ±0.4 cm−1.
Tables (3)
Table 1
Absorption Spectrum of Bi i in the 2022–1702-Å
Region
Relative transition intensities based on visual estimates and intended
only as a qualitative guide to the reader. J value of core, with 0, 1, or 2 representing
6p23P0,
6p23P1, or
6p23P2, respectively.
Based on the 6p23P0 ionization energy of 58761.65
cm−1 (see text).
Based on the 6p23P1 ionization energy of 72087.40
cm−1 (see text).
The assignments using nl and LS term
designations are primarily for reader convenience and should not be
interpreted as rigorous (see text). hf indicates hyperfine-structure
components.
Possibly a J ≤ 5/2 level built on the
6p23P2 core (see Section 4).
Table 2
Absorption Spectrum of Bi i in the 1656–1387 Å
Region
Relative transition intensities based on visual estimates and intended
only as a qualitative guide to the reader.
Estimates of full line width at half-maximum.
Identifiable (see text) Rydberg series built on the
6p23P1 core. Four series, labeled A
through D, are indicated.
Based on the 6p23P1 ionization energy of 72
087.40 cm−1 (see text).
Based on the 6p23P2 ionization energy of 75 793.8
cm−1 (see text).
Unless specified otherwise here, a level can have any J
≤ 5/2. Members assigned to two series converging on the
6p23P2 limit are labeled X or Y. E,
sh, and ? signify an emissionlike feature (see text), a shoulder on
another line, and a questionable bismuth line, respectively. Other data
that limit J, previous level designations, and
alternative interpretations of experimental observations appear in
subsequent footnotes referenced in this column. Regarding
J-limiting assignments, emission lines reported in
Refs. 5, 15, 28, and in G. R. Toshnival, Phil. Mag. 4, 774 (1927) were
searched to find transitions between states in this table and known
lower-lying odd-parity levels. Transition sets that limit
J are identified by level numbers, where 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, and 7 correspond to six low-lying odd parity levels in Ref. 8 that are, , , , ,
6p2(3P0)7p[1]1/2°,
and
6p2(3P0)7p[1]3/2°,
respectively.
Transitions observed to 2 and 4.
Transitions observed to 1, 2, and possibly 3. Single symmetric
measurement listed that possibly could be two blended lines: 60 383.8
and 60 385.6 cm−1.
Transitions observed to 2, 3, and 5. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P1)ns4P3/2. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P1)ns2P1/2.
Transitions observed to 4. A shoulder on this line was measured at 61
655.0 cm−1. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P2)nd.
Transitions observed to 2, 3, 4, and 7. Reference 2 labeled as
6p2(3P2)6d
J = 3/2.
Transitions observed to 2, 4, and possibly 3. The transition to level 4
would preclude the previous J = 5/2
assignment. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P2)ns4P5/2.
Transitions observed to 3 and 5 and possibly to 2 and 4. Reference 2 assigned as
6p2(3P2)8s2P3/2.
Transitions observed to 2, 3, and possibly 4 (blended). If the last
transition were better determined, J could be
restricted to 3/2. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P1)nd
J = 5/2.
Transitions observed to 4 and 5. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P1)nd
J = 1/2.
Transitions observed to 2 and 4. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P1)nd
J = 3/2.
Transitions observed to 2, 4, and 5.
Emissionlike feature possibly associated with this line at 67 383.39
cm−1.
Transition observed to level 2.
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two blended lines: 68 047.91 and
68 048.94 cm−1.
Transitions observed to 2, 3, and possibly 4; would preclude
J = 1/2 and possibly J
= 5/2.
There may be a sharp line superimposed upon this diffuse line. Reference 2 assigned as
6p2(3P1)11s4P3/2 and reported a second level
at 69 125.8 cm−1 assigned to
6p2(3P2)9s2P3/2, which we do not
observe.
Transition observed to 3 would preclude J =
1/2.
Symmetric measurement listed. The appearance of this feature is of a
broad diffuse absorption line with a sharp emission line superimposed
near its center. An alternative interpretation could be that the feature
consists of two absorption features at 70 929.21 cm−1
[Intensity (Int) 80, width 3] and 70 934.25
cm−1 (Int. 100, width 4) with a central
emissionlike feature (Fano window) at 70 931.45
cm−1.
This line appears to have a sharp violet edge at 71 422.28
cm−1 (Int. 5).
Another line may exist at 71 500.44 cm−1 (Int. 3). Reference 2 assigned as
6p2(3P2)10s2P3/2.
This line appears to have a sharp violet edge at 71 514.52
cm−1 (Int. 2, width 1).
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two blended lines: a peak at 71
550.14 cm−1 (Int. 40) with a shoulder at 71 551.04
cm−1.
Possibly blended with CO.
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two blended lines with poorly
resolved peaks at 72 020.89 cm−1 (Int. 1) and 72
021.92 cm−1 (Int. 1).
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two blended lines with poorly
resolved peaks at 72 024.00 cm−1 (Int. 1) and 72
024.96 cm−1 (Int. 1).
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two blended lines with poorly
resolved peaks at 72 032.40 cm−1 (Int. 1) and 72
033.24 cm−1 (Int. 1).
Uncertainties ±0.3 cm−1.
Table 3
Absorption Spectrum of Bi I in the 1380-1320-Å
Region
Relative transition intensities based on visual estimates (see footnote
a to Table
1).
Estimates of full linewidth at half-maximum.
Identifiable (see text) Rydberg series built on the
6p23P2 core. Three series, labeled
X, Y, and Z, are indicated.
Based on the 6p23P2 ionization energy of 75
794.00 cm−1 (see text).
See footnote f to Table
2. Pk, sym, and sh signify values for peak, symmetrical, and
shoulder measurements, respectively. E indicates an emissionlike feature
that actually is a minimum in absorption (a Fano window), while ?
signifies a line of questionable attribution to Bi i.
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two unresolved absorption peaks at
72 464.25 and 72 465.72 cm−1
Reference assigned as a member of
6p2(3P2)nd. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P2)ns4P5/2. Reference 2 assigned as a member of
6p2(3P2)ns2P1/2(?).
This line appears sharp but may be part of the line at 74 352.96
cm−1.
A questionable and unlisted feature at 74 353.66 cm−1
(Int. 30) appears on some exposures. The reported line may be a blend of
two lines.
E feature possibly associated with 75 004.78 cm−1.
The peak of this line is at 75 044.44 cm−1.
E feature possibly associated with 75 115.96 cm−1.
Symmetric measurement listed. Possibly two unresolved lines at 75 153.35
and 75 155.06 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 210.70 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 213.75 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 241.63 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 256.51 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 287.28 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 312.58 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 349.62 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 401.08 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 444.18 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 480.82 cm−1.
E feature probably associated with 75 512.02 cm−1.
Possibly blended with CO.
Uncertainties ±0.4 cm−1.
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