Super directive Yagi–Uda nanoantennas with an ellipsoid reflector for optimal radiation emission

K. R. Mahmoud; Mohamed Hussein; Mohamed Farhat. O. Hameed; S. S. A. Obayya

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.34.002041

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 34,
Issue 10,
pp. 2041-2049
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.34.002041

Super directive Yagi–Uda nanoantennas with an ellipsoid reflector for optimal radiation emission

K. R. Mahmoud, Mohamed Hussein, Mohamed Farhat. O. Hameed, and S. S. A. Obayya

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K. R. Mahmoud, Mohamed Hussein, Mohamed Farhat. O. Hameed, and S. S. A. Obayya, "Super directive Yagi–Uda nanoantennas with an ellipsoid reflector for optimal radiation emission," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 34, 2041-2049 (2017)

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- Thin Films
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: April 20, 2017
- Revised Manuscript: August 10, 2017
- Manuscript Accepted: August 13, 2017
- Published: September 5, 2017

Abstract

In this paper, the optimal designs of silicon Yagi–Uda nanoantennas (NAs) with an ellipsoid reflector have been proposed and analyzed using the 3D finite-difference time-domain method. The combination of nanospheres, nanowires, and ellipsoid reflectors has been employed to enhance the antenna directivity. The nanoantenna geometrical parameters are optimized using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The optimized spherical NA with an ellipsoid reflector shows high directivity of 19.89, which is higher than the conventional counterpart by 65.75%. This enhancement is attributed to the different supported modes by the ellipsoid reflector, which increases the forward radiation and suppresses the backward one. Further, the optimized nanowire design with an ellipsoid reflector has achieved a directivity of 23.4. In addition, the radiation efficiency has been increased to 80.2% and 75.9% for optimized spherical and nanowire antennas, respectively. This enhancement is attributed to the efficient coupling between array elements as well as reduced sidelobe and back-lobe levels.

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		Decision Space		Krasnok et al. [16]	Optimized Yagi–Uda
		From	To
Reflector	Position ( $x_{1}$ )	0	125	80	85.97
	Radius ( $r_{1}$ )	70	80	75	75.38
Director 1	Position ( $x_{2}$ )	330	400	365	381.82
	Radius ( $r_{2}$ )	65	75	70	71.22
Director 2	Position ( $x_{3}$ )	550	620	575	577.93
	Radius ( $r_{3}$ )	65	75	70	68.59
Director 3	Position ( $x_{4}$ )	760	830	785	784.91
	Radius ( $r_{4}$ )	65	75	70	69.13
Director 4	Position ( $x_{5}$ )	970	1040	995	970
	Radius ( $r_{5}$ )	65	75	70	70.46
Directivity (dimensionless)				12	17.7
Radiation efficiency (%)				39.3	80.2

		Decision Space
		From	To	Ellipsoid Reflector
Reflector	Position ( $x_{1}$ )	0	100	81.38
	Radius ( $r_{1} = a$ )	50	100	65
	Radius ( $r_{2} = b$ )	50	200	109.24
	Radius ( $r_{3} = c$ )	50	200	100.52
Directivity (dimensionless)				19.89
Radiation efficiency (%)				85.2

		Decision Space		Conventional
Dimensions in (nm)		From	To		Optimized
Reflector	Position ( $x_{1}$ )	50	75	80	64.64
	Radius ( $r_{1}$ )	60	70	75	63.73
	Length ( $l_{1}$ )	140	250	200	143.61
Director 1	Position ( $x_{2}$ )	340	360	365	352.21
	Radius ( $r_{2}$ )	25	35	70	31.50
	Length ( $l_{2}$ )	100	200	144	200
Director 2	Position ( $x_{3}$ )	500	540	575	530
	Radius ( $r_{3}$ )	25	35	70	33.17
	Length ( $l_{3}$ )	100	200	144	188.54
Director 3	Position ( $x_{4}$ )	700	740	785	730
	Radius ( $r_{4}$ )	25	35	70	27.70
	Length ( $l_{4}$ )	100	200	144	200
Director 4	Position ( $x_{5}$ )	900	940	995	930
	Radius ( $r_{5}$ )	25	35	70	28.34
	Length ( $l_{5}$ )	100	200	144	200
Directivity (dimensionless)				2.40	21.7
Radiation efficiency (%)				58.48	75.9

		Decision Space		Ellipsoid Reflector
		From	To
Reflector	Position ( $x_{1}$ )	0	100	54.87
	Radius ( $r_{1} = a$ )	50	100	65.93
	Radius ( $r_{2} = b$ )	50	200	116.72
	Radius ( $r_{3} = c$ )	50	200	99.65
Directivity (dimensionless)				23. 5
Radiation efficiency (%)				63.1

		Tolerance		Ellipsoid Reflector
		$+ 3 %$	$- 3 %$
Reflector	Radius ( $r_{1} = a$ )	66.95	63.05	65
	Radius ( $r_{2} = b$ )	112.52	105.97	109.24
	Radius ( $r_{3} = c$ )	103.53	97.50	100.52
Directivity (dimensionless)		17.83	17.90	19.89
Radiation efficiency (%)		80.7	85.3	85.2

	Decision Space
	From	To	Nanospheres Backed with Cube	Nanowires Backed with Cube
Position ( $x_{1}$ )	0	100	0	41.53
Length ( $l_{1}$ )	50	300	275.82	116.1
Directivity (dimensionless)			14.08	19.45
Radiation efficiency (%)			62.01	74.27

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B