Abstract
The strong blue cooperative upconversion luminescence of ytterbium clusters in -doped oxyfluoride glass was studied. The strength of this luminescence was found to be about 100 times greater than that of Yb(3): zirconium, barium, lanthanum, aluminum, and sodium fluoride glass. Such a large enhancement of cooperative upconversion blue luminescence efficiency results from better coupled clusters, less cross relaxation, increased concentration of activators, nonsaturation effect, and better upconversion luminescence efficiency. Interestingly, the quadruple–quadruple interaction or exchange interaction seems to exert a stronger action than the dipole–dipole interaction. Meanwhile there apparently exists a large energy transfer from a single ion or a coupled cluster to a ion, leading to a dramatic decline in the intensity of the upconversion luminescence of clusters in an codoped oxyfluoride glass.
© 2006 Optical Society of America
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