Abstract
No abstract available.
Full Article | PDF ArticleMore Like This
W. W. Coblentz
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7(6) 439-454 (1923)
Keivin Burns
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7(6) 419-437 (1923)
F. Twyman
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7(8) 635-656 (1923)
W. Weniger
W. Weniger
Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, Oregon.
No abstract available.
Full Article | PDF ArticleW. W. Coblentz
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7(6) 439-454 (1923)
Keivin Burns
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7(6) 419-437 (1923)
F. Twyman
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7(8) 635-656 (1923)
B. J. Spence and C. Holley
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7(2) 169-173 (1923)
W. E. Forsythe
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7(12) 1115-1121 (1923)
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Substance | Wave Lengths, μ | References | |
---|---|---|---|
|
|
| |
Actually Observed | Mean | ||
|
| ||
Rock salt, NaCl | 47, 54 | 52.0 | (3) (6) (13) (7) (14) |
Sylvite, KCl | 62, 70 | 63.4 | (3) (6) (7) (14) |
Potassium bromide, KBr | 74, 86 | 82.6 | (3) (7) |
Potassium iodide, KI | 94.1 | (3) (7) | |
Silver chloride, AgCl | 74, 90 | 81.5 | (7) (16) |
Silver bromide, AgBr | 112.7 | (7) (16) | |
Calomel, Hg2Cl2 | 91, 118 | 98.8 | (16) |
Lead chloride, PbCl2 | 74, 92, 114 | 91.0 | (7) (16) |
Calcspar, CaCO3 | 93, 116 | 98.7 | (15) |
Sal ammoniac, NH4Cl | 46, 54 | 51.5 | (13) (17) |
Ammonium bromide, NH4Br | 55, 62 | 59.3 | (17) |
Thallium chloride, TlCl | 91.6 | (17) | |
Thallium bromide, TlBr | 117.0 | (17) | |
Thallium iodide, TlI | 151.8 | (17) | |
Corrosive sublimate, HgCl2 | 95. | (17) | |
Silver cyanide, AgCN | 93. | (17) |
Residual Rays From | Wave Length, μ | Plate Cut ⊥ Axis d=1.93 mm | Plate Cut ⊥ Axis d=3.99 mm | Plate Cut ⊥ Axis d=7.26 mm | Plate Cut || Axis d=7.39 mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
NH4Cl | 51.5 | 25.1% | 9.83% | 2.90% | 4.01% |
NaCl | 52.0 | 28.2 | 10.9 | 2.94 | 4.23 |
NH4Br | 59.3 | 36.8 | 17.7 | 6.56 | 8.95 |
KCl | 63.4 | 41.1 | 21.9 | 8.48 | 11.5 |
AgCl | 81.5 | 49.1 | 32.8 | 19.2 | 24.1 |
KBr | 82.6 | 48.5 | 32.6 | 19.1 | 24.4 |
PbCl2 | 91.0 | 57.8 | 44.1 | 31.3 | 33.9 |
TlCl | 91.6 | 59.2 | 46.4 | 33.9 | 35.6 |
AgCN | (93) | 61.4 | 48.8 | 35.8 | 36.3 |
KI | 96.7 | 61.4 | 50.3 | 36.1 | 37.8 |
HgCl2 | (95) | 61.8 | 49.8 | 37.8 | 38.8 |
CaCO3 | 95.7 | .... | .... | 40.3 | .... |
Hg2Cl2 | 98.8 | 63.2 | 52.7 | 40.5 | 41.6 |
AgBr | 112.7 | 68.7 | 61.5 | 50.8 | 51.7 |
TlBr | 117.0 | 69.2 | 63.7 | 53.9 | 55.0 |
TlI | 151.8 | .... | 65.0 | 58.0 | .... |
Substance | Thickness mm | Source of Radiation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Welsbach mantle 107 μ | Hg Arc | Hg Arc Filtered through 2.0 mm of Amorphous Quartz | Hg Arc Filtered through Black Cardboard 0.38 mm thick 310μ | ||
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% | % | % | % | ||
Quartz cut ⊥ axis | 41.7 | 12.1 | 25.4 | 51.8 | 58.9 |
Amorphous quartz | 2.0 | 12.5 | 24.2 | 60.0 | |
Fluorite | 0.59 | 5.3 | 19.4 | 39.5 | 42.2 |
Rocksalt, cleaved | 1.29 | 0.5 | 5.7 | 16.5 | 22.5 |
Sylvite | 2.10 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 11.7 | 16.7 |
Diamond | 1.26 | 45.3 | 64.5 | ||
Selenium | 0.52 | 6.8 | 12.9 | 24.2 | |
Mica | 0.055 | 16.6 | 38.8 | 51.5 | 55.0 |
Glass | 0.18 | 2.1 | 9.0 | 21.1 | 25.9 |
Paraffin | 3.03 | 57.0 | 72.3 | 82.5 | 85.5 |
Hard rubber | 0.40 | 39.0 | 51.5 | 58.8 | 65.3 |
Amber | 1.28 | 11.2 | 16.4 | 32.2 | 34.8 |
Celluloid | 0.26 | 16.2 | 27.6 | 38.7 | 43.5 |
Water | 0.019 | 55.5 | 60.3 | 62.7 | |
Water | 0.038 | 20.0 | 33.0 | 38.4 | 39.8 |
Source of Radiation | Wave length in μ | Per cent Transmission | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
| ||
Black Tissue Paper | Black Paper from Photographic Plates | Black Cardboard 0.4 mm thick | Lampblack | ||
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|
Radiation Isolated with mirror spectrometer and KCl or fluorite prism | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
4 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 8.6 | |
6 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 | 16.0 | |
12 | 8.2 | 1.4 | 0 | 37.6 | |
Reststrahlen fluorite | 26 | 24.2 | 3.2 | 0 | 76.7 |
Reststrahlen NaCl | 52 | 46.0 | 15.1 | 0 | 91.3 |
Welsbach Mantle and Quartz lens | 108 | 61.5 | 33.5 | 1.6 | 91.5 |
Mercury arc total | 52.4 | 11.7 | |||
Mercury arc filtered through 2 mm of amorphous quartz | 78.5 | 29.8 | |||
Mercury arc filtered through 0.4 mm of black cardboard | 310μ | 79.0 | 36.7 |
Substance | Reflection factor, R | Dielectric Constant, K | R∞ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
KBr residual rays 82μ | Welsbach Radiation Isolated by Lens: 108μ | |||
|
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|
% | % | % | ||
Calcspar | 47.1 | 8.5 | 24.0 | |
Marble | 43.8 | 6.14 | 18.1 | |
Rock Salt | 25.8 | 20.3 | 6.29 | 18.5 |
Sylvite | 36.0 | 19.3 | 4.94 | 14.3 |
Potassium Bromide | 82.6 | 31.1 | ||
Potassium Iodide | 29.6 | 35.5 | ||
Fluorite | 19.7 | 20.2 | 6.8 | 19.7 |
Glass | 19.2 | 6.66 | 19.5 | |
Water | 9.6 | 11.6 | 81.0 | 64.0 |
Alcohol | 1.6 | 25.0 | 44.5 | |
Castor oil | 4.3 | 4.78 | 13.9 |
Crystal and Source | Plane of Vibration of Electric Vector | Reflection factor, R, for residual rays from: | R, Extrafocal Radiation from Quartz Lens: | Transmission Factor | R∞ Computed | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| |||||
CaF2 | CaF2 CaCO3 (Calcspar) | CaF2 | CaCO3 (Aragonit) | NaCl | KCl | KBr | KI | Welsbach Burner | Mercury Arc: | D300μ Computed | D∞ Observed | ||||
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| ||||||||||||||
Total | Filtered | ||||||||||||||
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Wave Length | 22μ | 27μ | 33μ | 39μ | 52μ | 63μ | 83μ | 94μ | 110μ | 310μ | |||||
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Lead nitrate | 6.9 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 29.4 | 63.7 | 55.8 | 50.8 | 41.5 | 36.9 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 36.0 | |
Analcite (Seisser Alp) | 23.9 | 18.8 | 16.8 | 14.5 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 16.1 | 18.5 | 19.7 | 6.7 | |||
Caesium Alum | 6.5 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 18.9 | 14.3 | 14.6 | 13.0 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 5.0 | ||||
Rubidium Alum | 6.4 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 13.9 | 16.0 | 14.1 | 13.1 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 5.1 | ||||
Rubidium Chrome alum | 6.6 | 5.1 | 7.0 | 14.8 | 13.6 | 15.6 | 14.1 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 5.0 | ||||
Ammonium Alum | 6.5 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 9.2 | 18.9 | 18.0 | 16.0 | 15.1 | 17.7 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 6.0 | |||
Opal (Kaschau) | 35.6 | 15.7 | 12.9 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 11.6 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 4.0 | ||||
Opal (Mexico) | 30.6 | 13.9 | 11.7 | 9.7 | 10.0 | 10.2 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 4.0 | ||||
Chalcedony (Iceland) | 33.1 | 24.2 | 18.0 | 14.2 | 13.6 | 12.7 | 12.8 | 13.0 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 4.2 | ||||
Quartz glass | 34.0 | 13.0 | 11.6 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 3.8 | 3.75 | 10.2 | ||||
Quartz, ordinary ray | 59.3 | 16.8 | 14.3 | 13.9 | 13.3 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 4.4 | 4.44 | 12.7 | ||||
Quartz, extraordinary ray | 24.3 | 20.2 | 15.5 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 13.9 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 4.7 | 4.65 | 13.4 | ||||
Wurzite (Pribram) | 7.5 | 33.4 | 64.8 | 46.2 | 28.3 | 26.5 | 24.0 | 23.8 | 23.3 | 23.4 | 23.4 | 8.2 | |||
Zincblend (Diez, Nassau) | 7.2 | 35.4 | 73.7 | 51.9 | 30.3 | 27.7 | 25.5 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 23.8 | 23.5 | 8.3 | 7.85 | 22.5 | |
Zirkon I (Frederiksvarn) | || | 39.6 | 52.5 | 43.7 | 32.5 | 25.5 | 24.3 | 23.5 | 24.1 | 24.3 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 8.7 | 12.6 | 31.4 |
⊥ | 25.2 | 37.4 | 51.5 | 42.1 | 26.0 | 23.1 | 21.9 | 27.8 | 24.5 | 23.9 | 23.6 | 8.4 | 11.8 | 31.8 | |
Zirkon II (Frederiksvarn) | || | 37.7 | 62.1 | 42.8 | 35.3 | 27.8 | 26.7 | 25.0 | 26.9 | 27.3 | 27.6 | 27.8 | 10.4 | 12.6 | 31.4 |
⊥ | 23.7 | 43.6 | 56.5 | 44.3 | 28.4 | 26.1 | 24.8 | 28.7 | 28.4 | 28.3 | 28.2 | 10.7 | 12.8 | 31.8 | |
Rutile (Graves Mountain) | || | 92.6 | 94.7 | 95.3 | 93.9 | 90.3 | 85.4 | 78.3 | 76.7 | 75.5 | 74.0 | 73.3 | 167 | 173 | 73.6 |
⊥ | 41.2 | 77.4 | 92.4 | 95.2 | 88.1 | 79.9 | 68.1 | 66.4 | 65.7 | 64.8 | 64.4 | 83 | 89 | 65.1 | |
Strontianite (Drensteinfurt) | || | 1.5 | 1.4 | 18.9 | 48.0 | 62.0 | 42.5 | 25.5 | 22.1 | 20.3 | 19.5 | 19.1 | 6.5 | ||
⊥ | 2.4 | 2.8 | 24.9 | 50.5 | 39.0 | 28.2 | 23.5 | 22.1 | 20.5 | 19.7 | 19.3 | 6.6 | |||
Cryolite (Ivigtut) | || | 4.6 | 4.6 | 8.5 | 21.8 | 26.9 | 41.1 | 18.4 | 18.2 | 25.6 | 24.4 | 23.8 | 8.5 | ||
⊥ | 4.4 | 4.8 | 10.0 | 18.2 | 31.2 | 30.3 | 19.0 | 17.7 | 19.8 | 17.8 | 16.8 | 5.7 | |||
Tourmaline (Uruienga) | || | 32.6 | 18.8 | 17.8 | 17.4 | 16.8 | 18.1 | 17.9 | 17.8 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 16.6 | |||
⊥ | 32.0 | 24.4 | 22.4 | 20.8 | 21.2 | 22.4 | 21.2 | 20.6 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 19.8 | ||||
Tourmaline (Modum) | || | 33.7 | 17.2 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 17.7 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 6.2 | |||||
⊥ | 33.9 | 24.4 | 22.6 | 21.3 | 22.0 | 22.2 | 21.5 | 21.1 | 7.3 | ||||||
Tourmaline (Haddam) | || | 32.4 | 18.0 | 15.8 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 17.7 | 18.1 | 18.3 | 6.2 | |||||
⊥ | 31.6 | 23.7 | 20.9 | 19.4 | 18.8 | 22.0 | 21.0 | 20.5 | 7.1 | ||||||
Red Tourmaline (Schaitansk) | || | 29.2 | 14.4 | 19.9 | 17.3 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 19.0 | 18.3 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 6.0 | |||
⊥ | 32.3 | 22.1 | 24.7 | 23.1 | 17.1 | 22.1 | 21.5 | 21.3 | 20.4 | 20.0 | 6.9 | ||||
Beryl (Nertschinsk) | || | 59.3 | 33.5 | 20.5 | 19.0 | 18.6 | 18.6 | 16.6 | 16.7 | 18.3 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 16.2 |
⊥ | 35.7 | 20.8 | 18.3 | 17.3 | 17.2 | 16.4 | 16.4 | 17.1 | 17.7 | 17.6 | 17.5 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 18.0 | |
Beryl (S. W. Airica) | || | 58.3 | 33.3 | 21.0 | 18.2 | 18.6 | 18.2 | 16.5 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 17.8 | 17.3 | 5.8 | ||
⊥ | 35.6 | 20.9 | 18.3 | 17.6 | 16.9 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 18.5 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 6.0 | |||
Tin oxide (Schlaggenwald) | || | 54.0 | 35.3 | 33.8 | 31.6 | 30.9 | 30.8 | 29.0 | 32.3 | 41.5 | 42.9 | 43.6 | 24.0 | ||
⊥ | 17.8 | 47.6 | 72.7 | 60.5 | 39.8 | 36.8 | 35.0 | 38.9 | 41.5 | 42.6 | 43.1 | 23.4 | |||
Vesuvian (Egg) | || | 38.8 | 24.8 | 24.6 | 22.6 | 22.4 | 25.2 | 30.3 | 28.4 | 27.0 | 26.2 | 25.8 | 9.4 | 8.9 | 24.8 |
⊥ | 29.6 | 28.7 | 28.8 | 26.6 | 29.3 | 27.1 | 24.1 | 25.1 | 24.7 | 24.3 | 24.1 | 8.6 | 8.4 | 23.7 | |
Sodium salt peter | || | 1.7 | 0.6 | 6.6 | 21.0 | 22.2 | 11.1 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 36.7 | 37.6 | 38.0 | 17.8 | 5.18 | 15.2 |
⊥ | 3.5 | 2.4 | 8.7 | 26.5 | 29.9 | 18.1 | 11.7 | 8.5 | 20.9 | 19.7 | 19.1 | 6.5 | 5.18 | 15.2 | |
Iron carbonate (Ivgtut). | || | 5.7 | 30.8 | 20.2 | 30.2 | 69.7 | 41.5 | 25.7 | 22.5 | 21.1 | 18.8 | 17.7 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 20.2 |
⊥ | 5.5 | 42.4 | 46.5 | 31.0 | 39.1 | 31.7 | 25.9 | 24.3 | 23.5 | 22.7 | 22.3 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 22.4 | |
Zinc carbonate (Laurion) | || | 2.2 | 15.4 | 20.4 | 29.0 | 79.0 | 75.9 | 41.5 | 31.9 | 29.6 | 27.0 | 25.7 | 9.4 | ||
⊥ | 3.7 | 21.7 | 45.5 | 32.6 | 59.5 | 50.4 | 33.8 | 31.7 | 29.5 | 26.8 | 25.4 | 9.3 | |||
Sodium tripotassium sulphate | || | 3.6 | 1.9 | 7.0 | 19.9 | 23.5 | 35.0 | 23.8 | 17.5 | 19.4 | 17.9 | 17.2 | 5.8 | ||
⊥ | 3.3 | 1.7 | 6.4 | 15.9 | 34.2 | 39.0 | 17.3 | 14.2 | 21.0 | 20.9 | 20.9 | 7.2 | |||
Potassium lithium sulphate | || | 15.0 | 29.4 | 14.1 | 8.6 | 5.1 | 12.4 | 26.5 | 22.2 | 19.5 | 17.6 | 16.7 | 5.7 | ||
⊥ | 21.0 | 16.3 | 10.6 | 6.1 | 4.4 | 15.0 | 24.4 | 19.0 | 18.3 | 16.6 | 15.9 | 5.4 | |||
Topaz (Alabasca) | a | 57.2 | 29.2 | 24.6 | 22.1 | 20.2 | 20.5 | 19.9 | 20.4 | 20.9 | 21.2 | 21.4 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 19.6 |
b | 53.2 | 33.9 | 27.6 | 25.9 | 22.6 | 21.1 | 20.5 | 21.0 | 21.5 | 21.3 | 21.2 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 19.6 | |
c | 50.3 | 26.8 | 27.5 | 25.0 | 22.1 | 20.7 | 19.4 | 20.3 | 20.9 | 20.7 | 20.6 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 18.5 | |
Witherite (Cumberland). | || | 2.1 | 1.1 | 12.9 | 40.4 | 86.0 | 78.9 | 37.7 | 26.1 | 24.4 | 22.2 | 21.1 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 18.8 |
⊥ | 4.5 | 2.3 | 15.0 | 52.1 | 66.5 | 38.1 | 28.4 | 25.2 | 24.6 | 22.1 | 21.6 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 21.7 | |
Malachite (Nischne Tagilsk) | 8.5 | 15.5 | 32.4 | 23.6 | 20.0 | 23.5 | 24.2 | 24.0 | 22.2 | 21.3 | 20.8 | 7.2 | |||
Adularia (001) (St. Gotthard) | || | 16.4 | 15.0 | 12.1 | 8.6 | 7.6 | 10.0 | 19.2 | 16.7 | 15.7 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 4.9 | ||
⊥ | 35.7 | 20.4 | 17.2 | 14.4 | 10.4 | 8.6 | 13.5 | 29.0 | 21.0 | 18.4 | 17.1 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 16.1 | |
Spodumene (100) (Pala, California) | || | 53.7 | 23.7 | 26.0 | 42.5 | 38.1 | 33.2 | 26.6 | 26.5 | 28.6 | 28.2 | 28.0 | 10.5 | ||
⊥ | 37.3 | 21.2 | 45.0 | 45.0 | 36.0 | 30.0 | 22.4 | 25.4 | 25.2 | 25.1 | 25.1 | 9.1 |
Wave lengths of Residual Rays from Various Substances
Substance | Wave Lengths, μ | References | |
---|---|---|---|
|
|
| |
Actually Observed | Mean | ||
|
| ||
Rock salt, NaCl | 47, 54 | 52.0 | (3) (6) (13) (7) (14) |
Sylvite, KCl | 62, 70 | 63.4 | (3) (6) (7) (14) |
Potassium bromide, KBr | 74, 86 | 82.6 | (3) (7) |
Potassium iodide, KI | 94.1 | (3) (7) | |
Silver chloride, AgCl | 74, 90 | 81.5 | (7) (16) |
Silver bromide, AgBr | 112.7 | (7) (16) | |
Calomel, Hg2Cl2 | 91, 118 | 98.8 | (16) |
Lead chloride, PbCl2 | 74, 92, 114 | 91.0 | (7) (16) |
Calcspar, CaCO3 | 93, 116 | 98.7 | (15) |
Sal ammoniac, NH4Cl | 46, 54 | 51.5 | (13) (17) |
Ammonium bromide, NH4Br | 55, 62 | 59.3 | (17) |
Thallium chloride, TlCl | 91.6 | (17) | |
Thallium bromide, TlBr | 117.0 | (17) | |
Thallium iodide, TlI | 151.8 | (17) | |
Corrosive sublimate, HgCl2 | 95. | (17) | |
Silver cyanide, AgCN | 93. | (17) |
Transmission of Quartz (17). The Values Given are for Unpolarized Light and do Not Take into Account Reflection from Surface. Temperature of Specimens 10–12°C
Residual Rays From | Wave Length, μ | Plate Cut ⊥ Axis d=1.93 mm | Plate Cut ⊥ Axis d=3.99 mm | Plate Cut ⊥ Axis d=7.26 mm | Plate Cut || Axis d=7.39 mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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NH4Cl | 51.5 | 25.1% | 9.83% | 2.90% | 4.01% |
NaCl | 52.0 | 28.2 | 10.9 | 2.94 | 4.23 |
NH4Br | 59.3 | 36.8 | 17.7 | 6.56 | 8.95 |
KCl | 63.4 | 41.1 | 21.9 | 8.48 | 11.5 |
AgCl | 81.5 | 49.1 | 32.8 | 19.2 | 24.1 |
KBr | 82.6 | 48.5 | 32.6 | 19.1 | 24.4 |
PbCl2 | 91.0 | 57.8 | 44.1 | 31.3 | 33.9 |
TlCl | 91.6 | 59.2 | 46.4 | 33.9 | 35.6 |
AgCN | (93) | 61.4 | 48.8 | 35.8 | 36.3 |
KI | 96.7 | 61.4 | 50.3 | 36.1 | 37.8 |
HgCl2 | (95) | 61.8 | 49.8 | 37.8 | 38.8 |
CaCO3 | 95.7 | .... | .... | 40.3 | .... |
Hg2Cl2 | 98.8 | 63.2 | 52.7 | 40.5 | 41.6 |
AgBr | 112.7 | 68.7 | 61.5 | 50.8 | 51.7 |
TlBr | 117.0 | 69.2 | 63.7 | 53.9 | 55.0 |
TlI | 151.8 | .... | 65.0 | 58.0 | .... |
Transmission of Long Wave Length Radiation Through Various Substances (Not Corrected for Reflection)
Substance | Thickness mm | Source of Radiation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Welsbach mantle 107 μ | Hg Arc | Hg Arc Filtered through 2.0 mm of Amorphous Quartz | Hg Arc Filtered through Black Cardboard 0.38 mm thick 310μ | ||
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|
% | % | % | % | ||
Quartz cut ⊥ axis | 41.7 | 12.1 | 25.4 | 51.8 | 58.9 |
Amorphous quartz | 2.0 | 12.5 | 24.2 | 60.0 | |
Fluorite | 0.59 | 5.3 | 19.4 | 39.5 | 42.2 |
Rocksalt, cleaved | 1.29 | 0.5 | 5.7 | 16.5 | 22.5 |
Sylvite | 2.10 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 11.7 | 16.7 |
Diamond | 1.26 | 45.3 | 64.5 | ||
Selenium | 0.52 | 6.8 | 12.9 | 24.2 | |
Mica | 0.055 | 16.6 | 38.8 | 51.5 | 55.0 |
Glass | 0.18 | 2.1 | 9.0 | 21.1 | 25.9 |
Paraffin | 3.03 | 57.0 | 72.3 | 82.5 | 85.5 |
Hard rubber | 0.40 | 39.0 | 51.5 | 58.8 | 65.3 |
Amber | 1.28 | 11.2 | 16.4 | 32.2 | 34.8 |
Celluloid | 0.26 | 16.2 | 27.6 | 38.7 | 43.5 |
Water | 0.019 | 55.5 | 60.3 | 62.7 | |
Water | 0.038 | 20.0 | 33.0 | 38.4 | 39.8 |
Transmission of Black Paper and Lampblack for Various Wave Lengths
Source of Radiation | Wave length in μ | Per cent Transmission | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Black Tissue Paper | Black Paper from Photographic Plates | Black Cardboard 0.4 mm thick | Lampblack | ||
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Radiation Isolated with mirror spectrometer and KCl or fluorite prism | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
4 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 8.6 | |
6 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 | 16.0 | |
12 | 8.2 | 1.4 | 0 | 37.6 | |
Reststrahlen fluorite | 26 | 24.2 | 3.2 | 0 | 76.7 |
Reststrahlen NaCl | 52 | 46.0 | 15.1 | 0 | 91.3 |
Welsbach Mantle and Quartz lens | 108 | 61.5 | 33.5 | 1.6 | 91.5 |
Mercury arc total | 52.4 | 11.7 | |||
Mercury arc filtered through 2 mm of amorphous quartz | 78.5 | 29.8 | |||
Mercury arc filtered through 0.4 mm of black cardboard | 310μ | 79.0 | 36.7 |
Reflection Factor for Various Substances
Substance | Reflection factor, R | Dielectric Constant, K | R∞ | |
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KBr residual rays 82μ | Welsbach Radiation Isolated by Lens: 108μ | |||
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% | % | % | ||
Calcspar | 47.1 | 8.5 | 24.0 | |
Marble | 43.8 | 6.14 | 18.1 | |
Rock Salt | 25.8 | 20.3 | 6.29 | 18.5 |
Sylvite | 36.0 | 19.3 | 4.94 | 14.3 |
Potassium Bromide | 82.6 | 31.1 | ||
Potassium Iodide | 29.6 | 35.5 | ||
Fluorite | 19.7 | 20.2 | 6.8 | 19.7 |
Glass | 19.2 | 6.66 | 19.5 | |
Water | 9.6 | 11.6 | 81.0 | 64.0 |
Alcohol | 1.6 | 25.0 | 44.5 | |
Castor oil | 4.3 | 4.78 | 13.9 |
Reflection and Transmission Factors for Various Substances
Crystal and Source | Plane of Vibration of Electric Vector | Reflection factor, R, for residual rays from: | R, Extrafocal Radiation from Quartz Lens: | Transmission Factor | R∞ Computed | ||||||||||
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CaF2 | CaF2 CaCO3 (Calcspar) | CaF2 | CaCO3 (Aragonit) | NaCl | KCl | KBr | KI | Welsbach Burner | Mercury Arc: | D300μ Computed | D∞ Observed | ||||
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Total | Filtered | ||||||||||||||
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Wave Length | 22μ | 27μ | 33μ | 39μ | 52μ | 63μ | 83μ | 94μ | 110μ | 310μ | |||||
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Lead nitrate | 6.9 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 29.4 | 63.7 | 55.8 | 50.8 | 41.5 | 36.9 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 36.0 | |
Analcite (Seisser Alp) | 23.9 | 18.8 | 16.8 | 14.5 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 16.1 | 18.5 | 19.7 | 6.7 | |||
Caesium Alum | 6.5 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 18.9 | 14.3 | 14.6 | 13.0 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 5.0 | ||||
Rubidium Alum | 6.4 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 13.9 | 16.0 | 14.1 | 13.1 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 5.1 | ||||
Rubidium Chrome alum | 6.6 | 5.1 | 7.0 | 14.8 | 13.6 | 15.6 | 14.1 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 5.0 | ||||
Ammonium Alum | 6.5 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 9.2 | 18.9 | 18.0 | 16.0 | 15.1 | 17.7 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 6.0 | |||
Opal (Kaschau) | 35.6 | 15.7 | 12.9 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 11.6 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 4.0 | ||||
Opal (Mexico) | 30.6 | 13.9 | 11.7 | 9.7 | 10.0 | 10.2 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 4.0 | ||||
Chalcedony (Iceland) | 33.1 | 24.2 | 18.0 | 14.2 | 13.6 | 12.7 | 12.8 | 13.0 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 4.2 | ||||
Quartz glass | 34.0 | 13.0 | 11.6 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 3.8 | 3.75 | 10.2 | ||||
Quartz, ordinary ray | 59.3 | 16.8 | 14.3 | 13.9 | 13.3 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 4.4 | 4.44 | 12.7 | ||||
Quartz, extraordinary ray | 24.3 | 20.2 | 15.5 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 13.9 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 4.7 | 4.65 | 13.4 | ||||
Wurzite (Pribram) | 7.5 | 33.4 | 64.8 | 46.2 | 28.3 | 26.5 | 24.0 | 23.8 | 23.3 | 23.4 | 23.4 | 8.2 | |||
Zincblend (Diez, Nassau) | 7.2 | 35.4 | 73.7 | 51.9 | 30.3 | 27.7 | 25.5 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 23.8 | 23.5 | 8.3 | 7.85 | 22.5 | |
Zirkon I (Frederiksvarn) | || | 39.6 | 52.5 | 43.7 | 32.5 | 25.5 | 24.3 | 23.5 | 24.1 | 24.3 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 8.7 | 12.6 | 31.4 |
⊥ | 25.2 | 37.4 | 51.5 | 42.1 | 26.0 | 23.1 | 21.9 | 27.8 | 24.5 | 23.9 | 23.6 | 8.4 | 11.8 | 31.8 | |
Zirkon II (Frederiksvarn) | || | 37.7 | 62.1 | 42.8 | 35.3 | 27.8 | 26.7 | 25.0 | 26.9 | 27.3 | 27.6 | 27.8 | 10.4 | 12.6 | 31.4 |
⊥ | 23.7 | 43.6 | 56.5 | 44.3 | 28.4 | 26.1 | 24.8 | 28.7 | 28.4 | 28.3 | 28.2 | 10.7 | 12.8 | 31.8 | |
Rutile (Graves Mountain) | || | 92.6 | 94.7 | 95.3 | 93.9 | 90.3 | 85.4 | 78.3 | 76.7 | 75.5 | 74.0 | 73.3 | 167 | 173 | 73.6 |
⊥ | 41.2 | 77.4 | 92.4 | 95.2 | 88.1 | 79.9 | 68.1 | 66.4 | 65.7 | 64.8 | 64.4 | 83 | 89 | 65.1 | |
Strontianite (Drensteinfurt) | || | 1.5 | 1.4 | 18.9 | 48.0 | 62.0 | 42.5 | 25.5 | 22.1 | 20.3 | 19.5 | 19.1 | 6.5 | ||
⊥ | 2.4 | 2.8 | 24.9 | 50.5 | 39.0 | 28.2 | 23.5 | 22.1 | 20.5 | 19.7 | 19.3 | 6.6 | |||
Cryolite (Ivigtut) | || | 4.6 | 4.6 | 8.5 | 21.8 | 26.9 | 41.1 | 18.4 | 18.2 | 25.6 | 24.4 | 23.8 | 8.5 | ||
⊥ | 4.4 | 4.8 | 10.0 | 18.2 | 31.2 | 30.3 | 19.0 | 17.7 | 19.8 | 17.8 | 16.8 | 5.7 | |||
Tourmaline (Uruienga) | || | 32.6 | 18.8 | 17.8 | 17.4 | 16.8 | 18.1 | 17.9 | 17.8 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 16.6 | |||
⊥ | 32.0 | 24.4 | 22.4 | 20.8 | 21.2 | 22.4 | 21.2 | 20.6 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 19.8 | ||||
Tourmaline (Modum) | || | 33.7 | 17.2 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 17.7 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 6.2 | |||||
⊥ | 33.9 | 24.4 | 22.6 | 21.3 | 22.0 | 22.2 | 21.5 | 21.1 | 7.3 | ||||||
Tourmaline (Haddam) | || | 32.4 | 18.0 | 15.8 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 17.7 | 18.1 | 18.3 | 6.2 | |||||
⊥ | 31.6 | 23.7 | 20.9 | 19.4 | 18.8 | 22.0 | 21.0 | 20.5 | 7.1 | ||||||
Red Tourmaline (Schaitansk) | || | 29.2 | 14.4 | 19.9 | 17.3 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 19.0 | 18.3 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 6.0 | |||
⊥ | 32.3 | 22.1 | 24.7 | 23.1 | 17.1 | 22.1 | 21.5 | 21.3 | 20.4 | 20.0 | 6.9 | ||||
Beryl (Nertschinsk) | || | 59.3 | 33.5 | 20.5 | 19.0 | 18.6 | 18.6 | 16.6 | 16.7 | 18.3 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 16.2 |
⊥ | 35.7 | 20.8 | 18.3 | 17.3 | 17.2 | 16.4 | 16.4 | 17.1 | 17.7 | 17.6 | 17.5 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 18.0 | |
Beryl (S. W. Airica) | || | 58.3 | 33.3 | 21.0 | 18.2 | 18.6 | 18.2 | 16.5 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 17.8 | 17.3 | 5.8 | ||
⊥ | 35.6 | 20.9 | 18.3 | 17.6 | 16.9 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 18.5 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 6.0 | |||
Tin oxide (Schlaggenwald) | || | 54.0 | 35.3 | 33.8 | 31.6 | 30.9 | 30.8 | 29.0 | 32.3 | 41.5 | 42.9 | 43.6 | 24.0 | ||
⊥ | 17.8 | 47.6 | 72.7 | 60.5 | 39.8 | 36.8 | 35.0 | 38.9 | 41.5 | 42.6 | 43.1 | 23.4 | |||
Vesuvian (Egg) | || | 38.8 | 24.8 | 24.6 | 22.6 | 22.4 | 25.2 | 30.3 | 28.4 | 27.0 | 26.2 | 25.8 | 9.4 | 8.9 | 24.8 |
⊥ | 29.6 | 28.7 | 28.8 | 26.6 | 29.3 | 27.1 | 24.1 | 25.1 | 24.7 | 24.3 | 24.1 | 8.6 | 8.4 | 23.7 | |
Sodium salt peter | || | 1.7 | 0.6 | 6.6 | 21.0 | 22.2 | 11.1 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 36.7 | 37.6 | 38.0 | 17.8 | 5.18 | 15.2 |
⊥ | 3.5 | 2.4 | 8.7 | 26.5 | 29.9 | 18.1 | 11.7 | 8.5 | 20.9 | 19.7 | 19.1 | 6.5 | 5.18 | 15.2 | |
Iron carbonate (Ivgtut). | || | 5.7 | 30.8 | 20.2 | 30.2 | 69.7 | 41.5 | 25.7 | 22.5 | 21.1 | 18.8 | 17.7 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 20.2 |
⊥ | 5.5 | 42.4 | 46.5 | 31.0 | 39.1 | 31.7 | 25.9 | 24.3 | 23.5 | 22.7 | 22.3 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 22.4 | |
Zinc carbonate (Laurion) | || | 2.2 | 15.4 | 20.4 | 29.0 | 79.0 | 75.9 | 41.5 | 31.9 | 29.6 | 27.0 | 25.7 | 9.4 | ||
⊥ | 3.7 | 21.7 | 45.5 | 32.6 | 59.5 | 50.4 | 33.8 | 31.7 | 29.5 | 26.8 | 25.4 | 9.3 | |||
Sodium tripotassium sulphate | || | 3.6 | 1.9 | 7.0 | 19.9 | 23.5 | 35.0 | 23.8 | 17.5 | 19.4 | 17.9 | 17.2 | 5.8 | ||
⊥ | 3.3 | 1.7 | 6.4 | 15.9 | 34.2 | 39.0 | 17.3 | 14.2 | 21.0 | 20.9 | 20.9 | 7.2 | |||
Potassium lithium sulphate | || | 15.0 | 29.4 | 14.1 | 8.6 | 5.1 | 12.4 | 26.5 | 22.2 | 19.5 | 17.6 | 16.7 | 5.7 | ||
⊥ | 21.0 | 16.3 | 10.6 | 6.1 | 4.4 | 15.0 | 24.4 | 19.0 | 18.3 | 16.6 | 15.9 | 5.4 | |||
Topaz (Alabasca) | a | 57.2 | 29.2 | 24.6 | 22.1 | 20.2 | 20.5 | 19.9 | 20.4 | 20.9 | 21.2 | 21.4 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 19.6 |
b | 53.2 | 33.9 | 27.6 | 25.9 | 22.6 | 21.1 | 20.5 | 21.0 | 21.5 | 21.3 | 21.2 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 19.6 | |
c | 50.3 | 26.8 | 27.5 | 25.0 | 22.1 | 20.7 | 19.4 | 20.3 | 20.9 | 20.7 | 20.6 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 18.5 | |
Witherite (Cumberland). | || | 2.1 | 1.1 | 12.9 | 40.4 | 86.0 | 78.9 | 37.7 | 26.1 | 24.4 | 22.2 | 21.1 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 18.8 |
⊥ | 4.5 | 2.3 | 15.0 | 52.1 | 66.5 | 38.1 | 28.4 | 25.2 | 24.6 | 22.1 | 21.6 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 21.7 | |
Malachite (Nischne Tagilsk) | 8.5 | 15.5 | 32.4 | 23.6 | 20.0 | 23.5 | 24.2 | 24.0 | 22.2 | 21.3 | 20.8 | 7.2 | |||
Adularia (001) (St. Gotthard) | || | 16.4 | 15.0 | 12.1 | 8.6 | 7.6 | 10.0 | 19.2 | 16.7 | 15.7 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 4.9 | ||
⊥ | 35.7 | 20.4 | 17.2 | 14.4 | 10.4 | 8.6 | 13.5 | 29.0 | 21.0 | 18.4 | 17.1 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 16.1 | |
Spodumene (100) (Pala, California) | || | 53.7 | 23.7 | 26.0 | 42.5 | 38.1 | 33.2 | 26.6 | 26.5 | 28.6 | 28.2 | 28.0 | 10.5 | ||
⊥ | 37.3 | 21.2 | 45.0 | 45.0 | 36.0 | 30.0 | 22.4 | 25.4 | 25.2 | 25.1 | 25.1 | 9.1 |